linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:30:28

linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:30:28

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COLLIDING ELECTRIC FIELDS. “The Earth’s rotation sets up an electric field, which drags the cold plasma into a corotational motion. The interplay between the solar wind-imposed electric field and the corotation electric field creates a boundary inside of which particles are trapped on closed orbits around the Earth.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:32:02

linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:32:02

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BETWEEN ELECTRIC FIELDS. “In the vicinity of this boundary, the plasma density has a sharp gradient; this is known as the plasmapause. Particles inside the trapping boundary remain on closed drift paths around the Earth while those outside the trapping boundary drift under the dawn-to-dusk electric field to the dayside boundary and are lost in the outer magnetosphere and eventually to the solar wind.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:34:28

linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:34:28

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“THE RING CURRENT encircling the Earth roughly in the region 2–7 RE from the Earth consists of plasmas originating both from the solar wind and the ionosphere. The ring current typically consists of ions in the energy range from a few tens of keV to several hundred keV, and has a highly variable intensity controlled by the level of geomagnetic activity.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:35:49

linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:35:49

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RING CURRENT COMPOSITION. “During magnetically active times, ion outflow from the ionosphere is greatly enhanced, and consequently the ring current composition changes from being dominated by solar wind protons and doubly charged helium to consisting large percentages (up to dominating the mass and energy density) of ionospheric oxygen and to lesser amounts of singly charged helium.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:38:46

linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:38:46

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SECOND RING. “The outer van Allen radiation belt consists mainly of electrons in the energy range from hundreds of keV to several MeV. The electrons reside colocated with the ring current and the plasmasphere in the inner magnetosphere, roughly from 3 RE to slightly beyond geostationary orbit.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-12-18 03:40:03

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THE PROTEIN UNIVERSE. “It is increasingly accepted that protein evolution has occurred by shuffling of DNA sequences. If nature explored all the possible sequences for a protein of 100 residues, 2(100) proteins would have been produced. It has been calculated that if only 1 μg of each protein was synthesised, the required starting materials would have a mass (1.27 × 10(124) g) greater than that of the earth (5.98 × 10(27) g).” https://lnkd.in/d5kyh6v View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-12-19 04:46:40

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FRAGMENT FROM NATURE for this and next weekend deals with cone shell patterning. For me, it is a testament to human curiosity that adults can spend lifetimes studying peacock feathers, beetle casings, the patterning of shells, or equally seemingly unimportant things; the reality is that these offer wonderful insights into things like photonic crystals, and the mathematics of chaos, and so much more. Thank you D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson. View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-12-19 04:49:06

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CONE SHELLS. “This group of sea snails shows a large variety of colors and patterns, and local varieties and color forms of the same species often occur. This has led to the creation of a large number of known synonyms and probable synonyms, making it difficult to give an exact taxonomic assignment for many snails in this genus. As of 2009, more than 3,200 different species names have been assigned, with an average of 16 new species names introduced each year.” https://lnkd.in/dxxf7qQ View in LinkedIn
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