Month: September 2022

"OXIDATIVE STRESS is a phenotypic trait of many tumors. Main causes of this phenotype are the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dysfunction of the antioxidant systems in cancer cells." https://lnkd.in/ejS5qyU View in LinkedIn

OXIDATIVE STRESS. "The overproduction of ROS in response to metabolic stress triggered by hypoxia or chemotherapy promotes an oxidative stress that has been invariably linked to multiple pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer and premature aging." https://lnkd.in/ejS5qyU View in LinkedIn

TARGET INHIBITORS. "So far approximately twelve binding sites for a variety of natural and synthetic inhibitors have been identified on ATP synthase. Thus the use of ATP synthase as a potential molecular drug target seems straight forward." But despite this obvious target we have no sweeping successes. https://lnkd.in/eTYm4q6 View in LinkedIn

NATURAL INHIBITOR. "IF1 is a master regulator of energy metabolism in cancer and in stem cells. In mitochondria, ATP hydrolysis by the H+-ATP synthase is inhibited by the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) that reversibly binds to the enzyme." https://lnkd.in/ejS5qyU View in LinkedIn

NATURAL INHIBITOR. "IF1 has been described in mammals, birds, amphibious, nematodes, yeast and plants and shows considerable sequence identity among various eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/ejS5qyU View in LinkedIn

PROGNOSTIC. "Surprisingly, colon and breast cancer patients with high tumor expression of IF1 have a better prognosis in terms of time of disease relapse which suggests that cancer cells with a low expression of IF1 should be more likely to metastasize. The molecular bases of this paradox are presently unknown." https://lnkd.in/ejS5qyU View in LinkedIn

MODEL NANO-MOTOR. "Overall rotatory motor functions and universal presence makes F1F0 ATP synthase a front runner base model in the development of nanomotors for nanomedicine usage." https://lnkd.in/eTYm4q6 View in LinkedIn

MEDICAL NANO-MOTORS. "The first tentative steps in nanotechnology with biological nanomotors have begun. It will be of great interest to see the development of hybrid technologies which link microfabrication to various biological nanomotors." https://lnkd.in/eTYm4q6 View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS the section on ATP synthase in health and in disease. The next fragment will focus on that extraordinary molecule, ATP itself. ATP synthase is one of the most elegant, complex, and genetically hybrid biomolecules on the planet, with its construction split between the ancient bacteria and the modern host machinery. It remains a marvel that this bacterial vestige plays such a central role in almost all life forms on earth. View in LinkedIn

QUANTUM TIME. "However, this must not be taken as if the field of quantum theory in general belongs only or mainly to the microscopic universe. We would like to highlight that rather than thinking in volume and size, the quantum reality refers, still better, to time, namely, microscopic times and processes." https://lnkd.in/e3j9PFZ View in LinkedIn