Month: September 2022

CODING AND NON-CODING. "During the first five decades of molecular biology it was a common concept that DNA mainly stored the information from which protein-coded sequences are translated. In contrast to this, increasing amounts of knowledge suggested that the largest parts of the genome do not code for proteins but serve as regulatory elements." Derived from mobile elements of viruses. https://lnkd.in/eN3vAgM View in LinkedIn

CONSORTIA AND ASSORTED DEFECTIVES. "Interacting consortia of endogenous viruses and their defectives serve as actual key regulators in host cells. They cooperate as complementary tools and act as major sources of “variation”, i.e. adaptational genetic change and genetic innovation in host organisms." https://lnkd.in/eN3vAgM View in LinkedIn

HALF THE HUMAN GENOME. "Five retroelement families, L1 and L2 (long interspersed nuclear element, LINE), Alu and MIR (short interspersed nuclear element, SINE), and LTR (long terminal repeat), comprise almost half of the human genome." Viral elements. https://lnkd.in/eW9wPwx View in LinkedIn

MOBILE ELEMENTS. "Coding sequences of functioning human genes derived entirely from mobile element sequences. There are many examples where the synthetic coding sequences of observed mRNA sequences are made up of mobile element sequences, to an extent of 80% or more of the length of the coding sequences." https://lnkd.in/eYwTvvK View in LinkedIn

MAJORITY OF HUMAN GENOME. "Mobile elements form the majority of the human genome, but that is unimportant compared to all of the functional effects these “parasites” have had on our evolution." https://lnkd.in/eYwTvvK View in LinkedIn

NEW INFO #2. "The central dogma of molecular biology “DNA-RNA-Protein everything else,” is obsolete nowadays; the reverse direction is also in common use." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

TWO WAY. "The same genome can give rise to very different phenotypes...transmission of information is not just one way...Lamarkism is not so obviously false." (Professor Nobel on his book, the Music of Life). https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/team/denis-noble View in LinkedIn

USELESS WITHOUT AGENTS. "Genes do nothing on their own...if I take a gene and put it in a Petri dish with as many nutrients as you wish for 10,000 years, it will do absolutely nothing." (Professor Nobel on his book, the Music of Life). https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/team/denis-noble View in LinkedIn

TWO WAY STREET. "There is downward causation from the organism to the gene, not just as we assume, upward causation, from the gene to the organism. The reductionist agenda is incorrect. You are in the wrong box." (Professor Nobel on his book, the Music of Life). https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/team/denis-noble View in LinkedIn

REDUCTIONISM HAS LIMITS. "But if you look at molecular biology as breaking Humpty Dumpty into as many pieces as possible, then systems biology is about trying to put him back together again. And that's actually a great deal more difficult. It's about recognising that every physical component is part of a system and that everything interacts with everything else." (Professor Nobel). https://lnkd.in/eZTtZJ3 View in LinkedIn