Year: 2022

VULNERABILITY. "Meiosis may be specifically vulnerable to transposable element activity for several reasons. These include (1) deficient synapsis and repair due to the reshuffling of meiotic machinery towards transposable element-induced double strand breaks, (2) ectopic recombination among transposable elements, (3) interference with synapsis due to transposable element transcriptional activity." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

RESETTING. "Alternative transposable element silencing mechanisms, such as those involving small RNAs, may have evolved to ensure proper transposable element control during epigenetic resetting. For example, these mechanisms involve piRNA and/or endo-siRNA in mammal male and female germ lines, respectively, and transfer of siRNA from the central cell to the egg cell in plant female gametophytes." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

EDITING. "It is also possible that stringent synapsis checkpoints evolved, in part, to prevent the formation of defective gametes due to transposable element activity, along with other possible causes of meiotic errors." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

SYMMETRY. "Symmetrical meiosis results in four viable gametes, whereas asymmetrical meiosis results a single one. Symmetrical meiosis is ancestral, and found in male meiosis in animals, seed plants, ‘homosporous’ species (e.g. mosses, many ferns) and isogamous eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

ASYMMETRY. "Asymmetrical meiosis, on the other hand, has evolved multiple times, and occurs in female meiosis in animals, seed plants and some ciliates." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

ASYMMETRICAL MEIOSIS. "The selective scenarios underlying the evolution of meiotic asymmetry are unresolved. In some cases, such as in ciliates, there is no requirement for four meiotic products, as sex occurs by the cytoplasmic exchange of haploid micronuclei (“conjugation”)." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

Farmland could be turned into meadows post-Brexit, says Michael Gove https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jan/04/farmland-could-be-turned-into-meadows-post-brexit-says-michael-gove?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

SLOW REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES are used by elephants, whales and humans to slowly rear and protect just a few offspring with high survivorship. Typically, organisms using this strategy are large, live long and sexually mature slowly. https://lnkd.in/eu6sYW4 View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL PLUS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: brittle star, meadow garlic, spiny water fleas. https://lnkd.in/eu6sYW4 View in LinkedIn

OVIPARITY is where the hard or soft shelled eggs grow protected within the mother, and is characteristic of all birds. Only a few mammals are oviparous, including the spiny anteater and duck-billed platypus. Most reptiles (cobra, crocodile and turtles) are oviparous, and all amphibians (frogs, toads), and most fish. https://lnkd.in/eu6sYW4 View in LinkedIn