Year: 2022

DIVERSIFICATION, COMPLEXITY AND VARIATION. "These findings suggest that the recruitment of caspases and mitochondrial effectors to the cell death machinery may have been subjected not only to increased diversification and complexity, but also to phylogenic variation during the evolution of metazoans." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

PRE-MITOCHONDRIAL. These findings "also suggest that the caspase cystein proteinases may have represented the initial, ancestral core of executioners that allowed the emergence of programmed cell death, prior to the recruitment of mitochondria as essential effectors of the cell death machinery." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

ENDOSYMBIOSIS AND DEATH. "Death programs are tightly linked to eukaryotic–bacterial endosymbiont co-evolution." http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcbc245/MCBC245PDFs/Jan31/Huettenbrenner2003.pdf View in LinkedIn

TWO BIG ENDOSYMBIOTIC EVENTS. "Two distinct evolutions by bacterial endosymbiosis gave rise to eukaryotic realms. Firstly, proteobacteria developing to the mitochondria of all eukaryotic cells and secondly, cyanobacteria that changed to chloroplasts in plant evolution." http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcbc245/MCBC245PDFs/Jan31/Huettenbrenner2003.pdf View in LinkedIn

DEATH STARTED WITH MULTICELLULARITY? "There have been two main reasons that have led to the proposal that programmed cell death emerged with multicellularity. The first pertains to the very nature of multicellular organisms. Cells from multicellular organisms (in contrast to cells from single-celled organisms) are condemned to live together in a given spatial and temporal framework, the body. " http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

DEATH HALLMARK. "The evolution of cell death programs as prerequisites of multicellularity. One of the hallmarks of multicellularity is that the individual cellular fate is sacrificed for the benefit of a higher order of life—the organism." http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcbc245/MCBC245PDFs/Jan31/Huettenbrenner2003.pdf View in LinkedIn

UNICELLULAR AVOIDANCE. "Genetic programs allowing regulated cell suicide would have been obligatorily counterselected in single-celled organisms." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

PHENOTYPIC SELECTION. "Natural selection does not act directly on genes, but on the phenotypes they allow the cell that encodes them to achieve. Genetic mutation leads to genetic diversification, and hence to phenotypic diversity. Natural selection sanctioned by death is a process of competition between phenotypes whereby genomes allowing for poorly adapted phenotypes do not get transmitted into the next generation, while genomes that allow fitter phenotypes become selected. http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

GRAVE DISAPPEARANCE. "Genetically regulated programmed cell death is a phenotype that is characterized by the rapid disappearance of the cell that is expressing it. In other words, genes that encode effectors of programmed cell death can be viewed as allowing a phenotype that is the grave of the genome that expresses them." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

COMMUNITIES OF CELLS NEEDED DEATH. "Together, these two mutually reinforcing views led to the initial acceptance of the idea that the evolutionary origin of genetic programs of cell suicide has been concomitant with the evolutionary origin of multicellular organisms." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn