Year: 2022

FREE PASS. "Gene duplication can alleviate the constraint imposed by natural selection on changes to important gene regions by allowing one copy to maintain the original function as the other undergoes mutation." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

BIRTH OF NEW GENES. "Rarely, these mutations will turn out to be beneficial, and a new gene may arise (“neofunctionalization”)." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

MUTATION BREAKPOINT. "This rate is approximately one deleterious mutation per generation. In this context it becomes clear that the overall mutation rate would place an upper limit to the amount of functional DNA." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

MUTATION RATE. "Currently, the rate of mutation in humans is estimated to be anywhere from 70–150 mutations per generation. By this line of reasoning, we would estimate that, at most, only 1% of the nucleotides in the genome are essential for viability in a strict sequence-specific way." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

MARGIN OF ERROR. "However, more recent computational models have demonstrated that genomes could sustain multiple slightly deleterious mutations per generation." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

MUCH OF NON-CODING DNA OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION. "In this review, we provide an overview of the major arguments that have been presented in support of the notion that a large portion of most eukaryotic genomes lacks an organism-level function.” http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

ODDBALL EXCEPTIONS. "For species like humans, with substantial postreproductive survival, theories that emphasize mutation accumulation face the challenge of accounting for the absence of a wall of death at the end of reproduction." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10141.full View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIAL EFFECTS. "It seems to us likely that effects of accumulating mutations in humans are now seen at postreproductive ages bearing age-specific signatures that were imprinted at earlier epochs when their contributions were more rapidly lethal at younger ages." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10141.full View in LinkedIn

NAIL IN THE COFFIN OF EXCEPTIONS. "Sizes of effects under our models have little impact, and sometimes no impact, on predicted hazard functions, but they have major impact on rates of turnover. For each allele, the reciprocal of the nonlinear age-specific force of natural selection indicates a typical clearance time." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10141.full View in LinkedIn

EVOLUTION OF DEATH. "The evolutionary origin of senescence remains a fundamental unsolved problem in biology." https://lnkd.in/dUX_Fna View in LinkedIn