Year: 2022

GLOBAL NITROGEN CYCLING OUT OF CONTROL. "Although carbon dioxide may get more press, “the nitrogen cycle has been altered more than any other basic element cycle."" " http://lnkd.in/dkWEXMM View in LinkedIn

DELHI DECLARATION ON NITROGEN 2010. "REAFFIRM the Nanjing Declaration on Nitrogen Management (2004) that reactive nitrogen is a critical nutrient for food, feed and fiber security. However, inefficient management of all sources of reactive nitrogen has negative effects on the environment and human health and therefore, improved management is required for sustainable development,"" " http://initrogen.org/index.php/publications/delhi-declaration/ View in LinkedIn

FERTILIZERS AND THE DOMINANT US CROP. "Today, the United States remains a massive nitrogen-fertilizer user; with just 5 percent of the world's population, we consume about 12 percent of global nitrogen-fertilizer production. And corn—which according to the USDA "requires the most nitrogen per acre" of any crop—remains at the center of our agriculture, covering 30 percent of farmland each year."" " http://lnkd.in/dACUYyz View in LinkedIn

FERTILIZER AND FRACKING INTERESTS ALIGNED. "The US fertilizer industry increasingly relies on cheap natural gas extracted by hydrofracturing, or fracking." More on fracking on a month or two..." " http://lnkd.in/dACUYyz View in LinkedIn

NITROGEN FIXING REVIEW. Nitrogen, the most abundant element in the atmosphere, was discovered in 1901. The amount of free nitrogen is about 4 times 10 to the 21st gN, of which 3 times 10 to the 24th is fixed to ammonia per year. About 2.5 times 10 to the 11th Kg is fixed biologically, which is huge compared to physical nitrogen fixation. " " http://lnkd.in/dW9nBtH View in LinkedIn

N2 FIX BYPASS. "The Klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene cluster, divided into seven operons, is one of the most studied systems. Its nitrogen fixation capacity is subject to complex cascade regulation and physiological limitations. The entire K. pneumoniae nif gene cluster was reassembled...(in) BioBrick parts in Escherichia coli. It provided ~100% activity of native K. pneumoniae system." The engineered system "bypassed the original complex regulatory circuits," and replaced it with a simple system. Promising work. " " http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23935879/ View in LinkedIn

BIOENGINEERING NITROGEN FIXATION. "Innoculation of Arabidopsis, alfalfa, tall fescue and maize with Pf-5 X940 increased the ammonium concentration in soil and plant productivity under nitrogen-deficient conditions. In conclusion, these results open the way to the production of effective recombinant inoculants for nitrogen fixation on a wide range of crops."" " http://lnkd.in/dg2Pi_e View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL N2 FIXING. "This process will require engineering cereals for nodule organogenesis and infection by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The symbiosis signalling pathway is essential to establish both bacterial infection and nodule organogenesis in legumes and is also necessary for the establishment of mycorrhizal colonisation. However, establishing a fully function nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in cereals will probably require additional genetic engineering for bacterial colonisation and nodule organogenesis."" " http://lnkd.in/dzTQmQj View in LinkedIn

BIOCHEMICAL MACHINERY EXISTS in cereals for nitrogen engineering. "The knowledge gained in legumes reveals that much of the machinery necessary for nodulation signalling is present in cereals and engineering the perception of rhizobial bacteria is likely simpler than initially anticipated."" " https://www.ensa.ac.uk/scientific-background/informing-scientists/engineering-nitrogen-fixing-cereals/ View in LinkedIn

GATES AND OTHERS FUND SYNTHETIC NITROGEN FIXATION. "Major investment to persuade bacteria to help cereals self-fertilise." "Coverage relating to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation investment to JIC science to persuade bacteria to help cereals self-fertilise" "Curated by John Innes Centre."" " http://lnkd.in/ddqucRi View in LinkedIn