Year: 2022

MOSTLY SINGLE ORIGIN. "We identified and investigated 712 eukaryotic protein families that have prokaryotic homologues. Of those trees, 571 (80%) reflect a single origin for the eukaryotic gene. For the remaining 141 genes whose trees do not directly reflect a single origin, there are causes other than LGT from prokaryotes to eukaryotes that can readily account for the lack of observed eukaryote monophyly." (LGT = Lateral Gene Transfer or horizontal gene transfer). https://lnkd.in/eqauQJt View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL DADDY. "The data underscore the archaebacterial (host) nature of the eukaryotic informational genes and the eubacterial (mitochondrial) nature of eukaryotic energy metabolism." Darwin would have it that we descended from the ape. Rather, we have older bacterial and viral parents. http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/4/466.full View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL ROLE IN GREAT LEAP FORWARD. "Although the evolutionary details of the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition are still incompletely resolved, the crucial role that mitochondria played in that transition is becoming increasingly evident." The mitochondrion was of ancient bacterial origin. http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/4/466.full View in LinkedIn

NUCLEAR HEADQUARTERS. "Reflecting its symbiotic origin, most of the proto-mitochondrion bacterial genome was transferred to the eukaryotic chromosomes so that it now encodes only a small subset of proteins and RNAs necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. The vast majority of the mitochondrial proteome (~ 1500 proteins) are nuclear-encoded and require translocation into the mitochondrion through specific mechanisms." https://lnkd.in/e533NK2 View in LinkedIn

GENE AMPLIFICATION. "A surprising result of phylogenetic analyses is the relatively small proportion (10–20%) of the mitochondrial proteome displaying a clear α-proteobacterial ancestry. A large fraction of mitochondrial proteins typically has detectable homologs only in other eukaryotes and is presumed to represent proteins that emerged specifically within eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

TAMED AND REWORKED ENDOSYMBIONT. "That the mitochondrial genome is of bacterial (specifically α-proteobacterial) origin is now indisputable." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

RETAILORING PROCESS. "However, the mitochondrial proteome, most of which is nucleus-encoded, tells another, murkier story. It was expected that many mitochondrial proteins would not have obvious bacterial homologs because they would have emerged specifically within eukaryotes, as part of the endosymbiont-to-organelle retailoring process." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

SURPRISE FINDING. "The mitochondrial genome specifies a miniscule but essential portion of the mitochondrial proteome, ranging from a low of 3 proteins of defined function in apicomplexans such as Plasmodium to a high of 66 in the excavate Andalucia godoyi, a member of the core jakobids." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

All scientific papers to be free by 2020 under EU proposals http://gu.com/p/4jzz8?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

NUCLEAR VS MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL. The engulfed ancient symbiotic bacteria that became the mitochondria transferred most of its genes to the host nucleus, which was itself of ancient symbiotic viral origin. Both remained reproductively independent, but the mitochondria was more genetically streamlined, while the nucleus remained the cellular genetic headquarters. View in LinkedIn