Year: 2022

SEED COSTS. "Costs of abortions and packaging structures were significantly higher in gymnosperms. Also, the relationship between seed:ovule ratio and seed size was negative in angiosperms but positive in gymnosperms." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01425.x/full View in LinkedIn

THE CARPEL. "We argue that the carpel was a key evolutionary innovation reducing accessory costs in angiosperms by allowing sporophytic control of pre- and postzygotic mate selection and timing of resource allocation. The resulting reduction in costs of aborting unfertilized ovules or genetically inferior embryos would have lowered total reproductive costs enabling early angiosperms to evolve small seed sizes and short generation times." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01425.x/full View in LinkedIn

REPRODUCTIVE GENES. Angiosperm "genes specifically expressed in reproductive organs (i.e., stamen) evolve more quickly than those specifically expressed in vegetative organs (e.g., root). The different rates in organ evolution may be due to different degrees of functional constraint associated with the different physiological functions of plant organs." https://lnkd.in/e7nzq_s View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL SELECTION. "In animals, the rapid evolution of sexual organs (i.e., testis) as well as the genes involved in sexual reproduction is linked to sex-related positive selection (sexual selection), such as sperm competition. In plants, although sexual selection, such as pollen competition, may also exist, whether it is the dominant force that drives the accelerated evolution of stamen-specific genes is as yet unresolved." https://lnkd.in/e7nzq_s View in LinkedIn

SEX GENES. "In this study, we found that genes specifically expressed in stamen in plants (i.e., stamen, anthers, or pollen) are relatively rapidly evolving, consistent with the discovery in animals that testis-specific genes tend to evolve at the fastest rate in the genome." https://lnkd.in/e7nzq_s View in LinkedIn

COMMONALITIES. "We identified several commonalities between animals and plants, such as the rapid evolution of sexual organs, the correlation between the rates of sequence and expression evolution, and evidence that tissue functions influence the different divergence rates of gene sequences and expression patterns." https://lnkd.in/e7nzq_s View in LinkedIn

FOSSIL RECORD. "Despite extensive technological advances in genetics, genomics, and bioinformatics, which have revolutionized plant research over the past decades, our comprehension of life on earth during such ancient times continues to rely primarily on one data source: the fossil record." https://lnkd.in/e6kp7_K View in LinkedIn

PHYLOGENY OF ANGIOSPERMS. "Phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences has significantly impacted views of angiosperm relationships. Consequently, the overall phylogeny of angiosperms has been radically revised at all levels." https://lnkd.in/eZS95mc View in LinkedIn

"POLYPLOIDY, or whole-genome duplication (WGD), is a ubiquitous feature of plant genomes, contributing to variation in both genome size and gene content. Although polyploidy has occurred in all major clades of land plants, it is most frequent in angiosperms." https://lnkd.in/eebDSft View in LinkedIn

WHOLE GENOME DUPLICATION. "Following a WGD in the common ancestor of all extant angiosperms, a complex pattern of both ancient and recent polyploidy is evident across angiosperm phylogeny. In several cases, ancient WGDs are associated with increased rates of species diversification." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526616300425 View in LinkedIn