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SECOND PROPOSITION. "Second, viruses and mobile elements contribute specific genes that play major roles in the emergence of coherent wholes at a new level of complexity." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

PLUNDERING THE LEAF SOURCES. ">50% of the protein and 70% of the lipid is associated with the chloroplasts.Consequently, the initial stages of the senescence syndrome involve a breakdown of membrane structure within the chloroplast." https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn

FIRST PROPOSITION. "Here, I present evidence and argument that selfish elements make key contributions to evolutionary transitions at least at two levels. First, the parasite–host arms race leads to increased organizational complexity of biological systems, i.e. serving as a catalyst of evolutionary transitions." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

REDIRECTED ENERGY. "In theory, the progressive senescence of existing somatic tissues reflects the minimum energy spent on maintenance of these tissues - energy that is thus available for seed development." https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn

BROAD SPECTRUM. "The relationships between genomic parasites and their hosts encompass a wide range of ‘selfishness’, i.e. the parasites form a broad spectrum with respect to the cost they incur on the host." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

SOMATIC DECLINE. "After fertilization and as the seeds mature, the somatic tissues of the plant become increasingly senescent. However, if reproduction is delayed, anatomically definable vegetative meristems can initiate in axils of older leaves." https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn

SENESCENCE SYNDROME. "However, photosynthetic organs are rich in nutrients, which would be lost without mechanisms that salvage them before the obsolete organs are cast off. We refer to this salvage process as the senescence syndrome." https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn

THE ACCELERATOR AND THE BRAKE. "Ethylene is the primary signal that drives the abscission process, whereas auxin reduces the sensitivity of AZ cells to ethylene and thus prevents or delays abscission. Subsequent studies in a variety of species support the idea that applied ethylene can stimulate abscission and that the inhibition of ethylene synthesis or action can delay abscission in many cases." (AZ = abscission zones). https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn

SEVERANCE POINTS. "Abscission of organ systems occurs at anatomically distinct bands of cells referred to as abscission zones (AZs). AZs are often located in stems between the abscising organ and the body of the plant." https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn

DISPOSABLE UNITS. "In some cases, intact, healthy organ systems may be shed as a component of development. The abscission of petals, sepals, and stamen as fruits begin to develop provides an example of this process." https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn