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VOLVOX EXAMPLE. "A first well-studied example of emerging intercellular separation of poorly compatible activities is the germ–soma specialization in Volvox. Somatic cells gather nutrients from the environment, and provide germ cells with these nutrients. The somatic cells are flagellated, and the flagella are important for motility and transport of nutrients to the cells. Flagellation and cell division are incompatible, and this fact is probably one of the factors promoting differentiation between somatic and germ cells." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

COMPARTMENTAL SOLUTION. "In a multicellular organism, such incompatible processes can take place simultaneously, but compartmentalized into separate cells." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

COOPERATIVE BACTERIA. "The tree of life is dominated by single-celled microorganisms that appear to perform a huge range of cooperative behaviours. For example, the growth and survival of bacteria depend upon excreted products that perform a variety of functions, such as scavenging nutrients, communication, defence and movement." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn

TEMPORAL SEGREGATION SOLUTION. "Many unicellular organisms have overcome this problem by temporal segregation of incompatible activities, essentially cycling between phases dedicated solely to a single activity. These cycles can be regulated by endogenous rhythmic mechanisms, as well as by external signals." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

"SEPARATE GENES, which make up the genome, cooperate in what has been termed the ‘parliament of the genes’." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn

MULTITASKING EXAMPLES. "Examples include biochemical incompatibility between metabolic processes (such as between oxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen-sensitive nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria), motility and mitosis (processes that compete for the use of the same cellular machinery, the microtubule-organizing centre), and, in general, reproduction and survival in a challenging environment." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

"THE MITOCHONDRIA upon which these eukaryotic cells rely were once free-living prokaryotic cells but now live cooperative lives." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn

MULTITASKING NEED. "Even simple, unicellular organisms need to perform physiological tasks that cannot be efficiently accomplished simultaneously by the same cell." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

COOPERATION IS CRITICAL. "The very existence of multicellular organisms relies upon cooperation between the eukaryotic cells that make them up." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn