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VOLVOX EXAMPLE. "A first well-studied example of emerging intercellular separation of poorly compatible activities is the germ–soma specialization in Volvox. Somatic cells gather nutrients from the environment, and provide germ cells with these nutrients. The somatic cells are flagellated, and the flagella are important for motility and transport of nutrients to the cells. Flagellation and cell division are incompatible, and this fact is probably one of the factors promoting differentiation between somatic and germ cells." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

COMPARTMENTAL SOLUTION. "In a multicellular organism, such incompatible processes can take place simultaneously, but compartmentalized into separate cells." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

COOPERATIVE BACTERIA. "The tree of life is dominated by single-celled microorganisms that appear to perform a huge range of cooperative behaviours. For example, the growth and survival of bacteria depend upon excreted products that perform a variety of functions, such as scavenging nutrients, communication, defence and movement." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn

TEMPORAL SEGREGATION SOLUTION. "Many unicellular organisms have overcome this problem by temporal segregation of incompatible activities, essentially cycling between phases dedicated solely to a single activity. These cycles can be regulated by endogenous rhythmic mechanisms, as well as by external signals." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

"SEPARATE GENES, which make up the genome, cooperate in what has been termed the ‘parliament of the genes’." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207014996 View in LinkedIn

MULTITASKING EXAMPLES. "Examples include biochemical incompatibility between metabolic processes (such as between oxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen-sensitive nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria), motility and mitosis (processes that compete for the use of the same cellular machinery, the microtubule-organizing centre), and, in general, reproduction and survival in a challenging environment." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/12/05/rspb.2011.1999.short View in LinkedIn

BIOINSPIRED MATHEMATICS. "Early in his career he drew inspiration from nature, making studies of insects, landscapes, and plants such as lichens, all of which he reused as details in his artworks. He travelled in Italy and Spain, sketching buildings, townscapes, architecture and the tilings of the Alhambra and La Mezquita, Cordoba, and became steadily more interested in their mathematical structure." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._C._Escher View in LinkedIn

MC ESCHER GALLERY. http://www.mcescher.com/gallery/ View in LinkedIn

PLAYFUL ABSURDITY. "I try in my prints to testify that we live in a beautiful and orderly world, not in a chaos without norms, even though that is how it sometimes appears. My subjects are also often playful: I cannot refrain from demonstrating the nonsensicalness of some of what we take to be irrefutable certainties." (MC Escher). https://lnkd.in/dAXs8BQ View in LinkedIn