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HUGE DATA GAP. "There is no fossil record recording the evolution of the eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/dCVM9yX View in LinkedIn

BOLTED TOGETHER. "Eukaryotes are hybrid organisms in terms of both their cellular organization and their gene complement. All eukaryotes seem to possess mitochondria or related organelles derived from α-proteobacteria, whereas Plantae and many groups of Chromalveolata additionally have cyanobacteria-derived plastids." https://lnkd.in/d_D8bWi View in LinkedIn

NO SIMPLE TREE OF LIFE. "The chimeric nature of the eukaryotes has profound implications for our understanding of the nature of life on Earth. It is time to get used to depicting life on this planet as a graph with rings." https://lnkd.in/dz-st9e View in LinkedIn

CRIBELLATE SILK. "Deinopoids, like most other web-building non-araneoid spiders, use cribellate capture silk. It is comparatively more expensive than araneoid capture silk, as it requires both a greater volume of material and takes more time to produce." https://lnkd.in/dqTjK77 View in LinkedIn

LATE EVENT. "There is a considerable amount of consilience between the phylogenetic, cell biology, population biology, biochemical and pale-ontological evidence in favour of a scenario in which a merger of just two prokaryotes — one eubacterial and one archaebacterial— formed the eukaryotic cell relatively late in the history of life." https://lnkd.in/dz-st9e View in LinkedIn

SHIFT TO VERTICAL WEBS. "Vertical orientation not only helps araneoid orb-webs intercept more prey but also to retain them for longer, as escaping prey are more likely to fall into lower parts and become re-entangled. A vertical web may intercept more prey; however, such prey are typically larger, faster flying insects that impact the web with greater energy. This shift to a vertical web orientation was facilitated by a major shift in the type of capture silk used in the web." https://lnkd.in/dqTjK77 View in LinkedIn

DISEASE GENES VS CONSTITUTIVE GENES. "In terms of human disease, eubacterial genes are significantly more likely to be involved in Mendelian diseases than archaebacterial genes. This is because archaebacterial genes are more important for human cellular functioning, and mutations are more likely to be lethal and less likely to feature in diseases of living individuals." https://lnkd.in/dz-st9e View in LinkedIn

DURABILITY. "While silks in general are very long-lived materials, theridiid webs do not contain viscid (flagelliform) silk, which shows a much more rapid decline in mechanical properties when compared with dragline silk. Factors driving evolution beyond the orb-web remain largely unexplored and too often neglect the role of silk properties despite silk being central to web function." https://lnkd.in/dqTjK77 View in LinkedIn

DEGREES OF PERMANENCE. "Three-dimensional webs tend to be more permanent structures when compared with many orb-webs that are often replaced daily. This will perhaps select for silks better equipped to deal with repeated and prolonged stresses, and for silks more resistant to permanent deformation (i.e. higher yield values)." https://lnkd.in/dqTjK77 View in LinkedIn

GEOMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS. "Sheet-webs and cobwebs generally exhibit reduced geometric regularity when compared with orb-webs, although within species there is still a high degree of structural stereotypy. The reduced geometric regularity and decreased use of capture silk in cobwebs and sheet-webs make them absorb prey energy very differently from orb-webs." https://lnkd.in/dqTjK77 View in LinkedIn