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SPIDER GENE CODING. "Engineering mechanics and heuristics rely on the prescient power of mathematics and natural laws which give finalistic guidance for inventing structures. Good theory guarantees good machines and webs too. Thus the spider must have a very ingenious theory programmed to its genes." https://lnkd.in/dYdY4x3 View in LinkedIn

TYPES OF INFORMATION. "Nature is full of hierarchical and symbiotic structures which are optimally designed in all design aspects. Ingenious solutions in nature are transmitted by genetic codes. Human information is not transferable genetically but has to be studied, stored to design codes and transmitted by education." https://lnkd.in/dYdY4x3 View in LinkedIn

WEBS AND ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE. "We have experimentally demonstrated that electrostatically charged insects and water drops can induce rapid and comparably sized deformations in threads of the cross-spider's orb web. Such deformations likely increase the risk of capture for free-flying prey." https://lnkd.in/ddsqgS8 View in LinkedIn

INSECT ELECTROSTATIC CHARGES. "Insects can easily acquire electrostatic charge by walking over charged surfaces or by flying in an airstream of charged particles. Honeybee workers during wintertime conditions can acquire a positive charge of up to 537 pC, whereas honeybees those in non-winter weather can reach up to 200 pC. Positively charged bumblebees can even detect floral electric fields, which ability enhances their foraging success." https://lnkd.in/ddsqgS8 View in LinkedIn

DEEPER LAYER. "It seems that spider dragline is of intelligent character. When acted by a vibrating force with definite frequency, the spider dragline may produce an electric field. Or may it oscillate when subjected to an electric field?" https://lnkd.in/djskEtZ View in LinkedIn

WEB VIBRATIONAL INFORMATION. "Two years ago, a research team led by the University of Oxford revealed that, when plucked like a guitar string, spider silk transmits vibrations across a wide range of frequencies, carrying information about prey, mates and even the structural integrity of a web." Actually, the literature on this subject goes back to 1916. https://lnkd.in/dPt_MVY View in LinkedIn

TUNING THE WEB. "Spiders can change the vibrational frequency of individual silk threads -- they actually tune and pluck the webs." A very nice pictorial summary. https://lnkd.in/dqJTWXQ View in LinkedIn

AMPLIFIED ENERGY. "Eukaryotic gene commands some 200,000 times more energy than a prokaryotic gene, or at a similar energy per gene, the eukaryote could in principle support a genome 200,000 times larger." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

MORE CASES OF RARITY. "Intracellular endosymbiosis can also be found at the multicellular organismal level of the biological hierarchy." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

NOT AVAILABLE TO PROKARYOTES. "Respiring prokaryotes could have in principle done the same by amplifying a membrane-associated plasmid bearing only the relevant genes...However, “in practice such plasmids are not found”, and the alternative for bacteria (whole-genome amplification) would oblige them to replicate and express hundreds of other genes superfluous to energy production." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn