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COINCIDENT with the passion for horticulture in the Edo Period in Japan, the Europeans, in particular, the Dutch, had an obsession with the tulip. Given the close relationship of the the Dutch East India Company in Japan and its very active diffusion of Lilies and other plants from Japan to Europe, the possibility exists for at least a second line of bilateral horticultural diffusion between Japan and Holland. View in LinkedIn

VARIANTS ARE POLLINATED DIFFERENTLY. "Populations of the common morning glory in the southeastern US are characterized by a striking diversity of flower color polymorphisms. This diversity is probably a consequence of horticultural escapes from cultivation in the 18th and 19th centuries...some color phenotypes are selected by virtue of their differential attraction to insect pollinators." https://lnkd.in/d2DeZMC View in LinkedIn

MORNING GLORY DNA LIBRARY. "We used a cDNA library from seedlings, and 3 cDNA libraries from flowers and buds of wild-type...to obtain EST sequences, and are now preserving over 60,000 EST clones. The DDBJ and other public database accession numbers for the 25,899 EST sequences obtained from flower and bud full-length cDNA. We are preserving 55,296 BAC clones." https://lnkd.in/d4mmCAr View in LinkedIn

150 MORNING GLORY MUTANTS PRESERVED. "The National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB) is a sub-center of the National BioResource Project (NBRP) for work on Morning Glories. Our group works with the core institute at Kyushu University to gather, preserve, and distribute mutant lines for flower pigmentation and various DNA clones." But thousands have been lost. https://lnkd.in/d4mmCAr View in LinkedIn

SOMATIC MUTATION INHERITANCE. "In contrast with the situation in higher animals, somatic mutations in higher plants can enter the germline and be transmitted the progeny. This is due to two unique features of their development: i) unilimited growth and cell totipotency." https://lnkd.in/dcpj9qm View in LinkedIn

MUTABLE GENES. Most genes are relatively stable and mutate at low frequencies, but some mutate faster, called mutable genes. These give rise to genetic mosaics containing mutated and non-mutated tissues, typically in somatic tissues. https://lnkd.in/dtPwxTq View in LinkedIn

SOMATIC MOSAICS. "Nearly all of the genetic material among cells within an organism is identical. However, single nucleotide variants (SNVs), indels, copy number variants (CNVs), and other structural variants (SVs) continually accumulate as cells divide during development. This process results in an organism composed of countless cells, each with its own unique personal genome. Thus, every human is undoubtedly mosaic." https://lnkd.in/dtPwxTq View in LinkedIn

TWO VESTIGIAL SOURCES. "Both evolution and development might be said to leave vestigial remains not only in the phenotype we see, but also in the genotypic basis that helps to determine phenotypic expression (provided the genotypic changes are to the germ line, and thus heritable). Both kinds of vestiges result from solitary events in individual organisms." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

SEMPER AUGUSTUS. "Many believe that the Tulip ‘Semper Augustus’ is the holy grail of all tulip bulbs. Made famous during the well documented Tulip-mania period of 1637-1637, they were considered by many to be the most beautiful of all flowers and a pinnacle of achievement from the breeders." https://lnkd.in/d3W5rw7 View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR VESTIGES. "Just as illnesses, injuries, and other accidents of ontogeny often leave remains in the form of scars where tissues have incompletely healed from damage, chance events of phylogeny can likewise leave ‘vestiges’ in the form of molecules and nucleic acid sequences that are non-functional (as might apply to ‘junk DNA’)." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn