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OLD PARADIGM. "Anatomical, physiological, and developmental criteria were conceived solely in terms of individuals, and the Darwinian view of life regarded aggregates of individuals of common ancestry as identifiable units in competition with one another." View in LinkedIn

MOSAIC MONSTERS BOLTED TOGETHER. "Animals are symbiotic complexes of many species living together." https://lnkd.in/ddVyNR5 View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE meditates for three weekends on the sea change in thinking that allows for all creatures to be mosaic hybrids, holobionts. The issue of what is an individual is central to this question. This will be followed by a fairly lengthy consideration of symbiotic organisms that are vertically inherited as if part of the host body. The two contemplations together represent a veritable paradigm shift in life science thinking since 1970. View in LinkedIn

METRIC SCALE CONNECTIONS. "If emergence happens over disparate size scales, then the reason is usually a causal relation across different scales." https://lnkd.in/dN5A7Kw https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence#CITEREFAnderson1972 View in LinkedIn

NO ANATOMIC INDIVIDUALITY. "In addition to the mitochondrial vestiges of ancient symbiosis, thousands of bacterial “species” (themselves genetic composites) live in intimate association with our own eukaryotic cells. Estimates that 90% of the cells that comprise our bodies are bacterial belie any simple anatomical understanding of individual identity." View in LinkedIn

SUPERSTRUCTURE. "An emergent behavior or emergent property can appear when a number of simple entities (agents) operate in an environment, forming more complex behaviors as a collective." https://lnkd.in/dN5A7Kw https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence#CITEREFAnderson1972 View in LinkedIn

HUMAN LIMITS. "Emergent systems are those in which even perfect knowledge and understanding may give us no predictive information." https://lnkd.in/dPMad4M View in LinkedIn

"LARGE SCALE PATTERNS in the world are usually the result of the interactions of large numbers of smaller pieces that somehow combine in surprising ways to create the large-scale pattern. Such large-scale (macro-) patterns that arise out of the interactions of numerous interacting (micro-) "agents" are called "emergent phenomena" — that is, phenomena that emerge from interactions at a lower level or scale." https://lnkd.in/dPNW2Hi https://ccl.northwestern.edu/papers/MEE/ View in LinkedIn

AUTONOMOUS THINKING. "Emergence is the phenomenon wherein a system is designed according to certain principles, but interesting properties arise that are not included in the goals of the designer." https://lnkd.in/dmJdbxk http://consc.net/notes/emergence.html View in LinkedIn

NON-OBVIOUS. "Emergent high-level properties are interesting, non-obvious consequences of low-level properties." https://lnkd.in/dmJdbxk http://consc.net/notes/emergence.html View in LinkedIn