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FLOWER SYMMETRY. "Subsequent studies demonstrated that this same class of genes was responsible for the evolution of symmetry across many lineages of flowering plants, with similar yet independently evolved genetic mechanisms underlying differential gene expression patterns." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

SNAPDRAGON CANDIDATE GENE EXAMPLE. "For example, changes in the expression of the TCP gene lineage during floral development of Antirrhinum were shown to cause alterations in petal morphology in this model species, resulting in a shift from bilaterally symmetrical to radially symmetrical flowers." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

TCP GENES. These are developmental transcription factor genes found only in vascular plants, involved in the evolution of key morphological features. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_protein_domain View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT PLAYERS. "These speculations on the origin of DNA fit well with hypotheses on viral origin that consider no longer viruses as fragments of genetic materials recently escaped from their hosts, but as ancient players in life evolution, possibly predating the divergence between the three domains of life." https://lnkd.in/dNTbYMw View in LinkedIn

ASSUMPTIONS WITH CANDIDATE GENES. "This approach requires two assumptions: one is that genes and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) responsible for developmental processes are conserved over large evolutionary distances. The second is that changes in the regulation of these genes, resulting in altered temporal and spatial expression patterns, affect the phenotype and thus are responsible for fixed differences in organismal morphology. For many studied developmental processes, these two assumptions appear to hold true." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

CRITICAL ROLE. "The idea that viruses have played a critical role in the origin of DNA is in line with previous conception that retroviruses were relics of the RNA/DNA world transition." https://lnkd.in/dNTbYMw View in LinkedIn

CANDIDATE GENES APPROACH. "Large numbers of comparative studies have demonstrated that changes in expression patterns of developmental genes are correlated with the evolution of morphological phenotypes. These data underlie the ‘candidate gene’ approach, in which genes that are functionally determined to cause particular phenotypes when mutated are hypothesized to be responsible for similar phenotypic changes during evolution." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

LARGER GENOMES. "Replacement of RNA by DNA as genetic material has thus opened the way to the formation of large genomes, a prerequisite for the evolution of modern cells. The above scenario nicely explains why, through Darwinian competition, cell populations with DNA genomes finally eliminated cells with RNA genomes." https://lnkd.in/dNTbYMw View in LinkedIn

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CONSIDERATIONS. "Rampant polyploidy in natural populations results in duplicate gene copies that can undergo differential selection and allow for temporal and positional alternations in genetic networks to emerge, conferring novel phenotypes upon which selection may act." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

BORROWED MACHINERY. "Most DNA viruses are entirely dependent on the host DNA and RNA synthesizing machinery, and RNA processing machinery, while larger genome viruses encode this machinery themselves. All RNA viruses use their own RNA replicase enzymes to replicate their genomes." https://lnkd.in/dNTbYMw View in LinkedIn