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WIDESPREAD CANDIDATE GENE. "A relationship was drawn between the differential expression of the TCP developmental gene(s) and phenotypic variation associated with fixed morphological diversification across angiosperm flowers. This fixed diversity is demonstrated across large evolutionary distances and across floral organ types, demonstrating the conserved nature of the TCP gene lineage and its role in floral symmetry patterns." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

FLOWER SYMMETRY. "Subsequent studies demonstrated that this same class of genes was responsible for the evolution of symmetry across many lineages of flowering plants, with similar yet independently evolved genetic mechanisms underlying differential gene expression patterns." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

SNAPDRAGON CANDIDATE GENE EXAMPLE. "For example, changes in the expression of the TCP gene lineage during floral development of Antirrhinum were shown to cause alterations in petal morphology in this model species, resulting in a shift from bilaterally symmetrical to radially symmetrical flowers." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

TCP GENES. These are developmental transcription factor genes found only in vascular plants, involved in the evolution of key morphological features. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_protein_domain View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT PLAYERS. "These speculations on the origin of DNA fit well with hypotheses on viral origin that consider no longer viruses as fragments of genetic materials recently escaped from their hosts, but as ancient players in life evolution, possibly predating the divergence between the three domains of life." https://lnkd.in/dNTbYMw View in LinkedIn

ASSUMPTIONS WITH CANDIDATE GENES. "This approach requires two assumptions: one is that genes and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) responsible for developmental processes are conserved over large evolutionary distances. The second is that changes in the regulation of these genes, resulting in altered temporal and spatial expression patterns, affect the phenotype and thus are responsible for fixed differences in organismal morphology. For many studied developmental processes, these two assumptions appear to hold true." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT INFECTIONS. "Viruses were already infecting organisms some 300 million years ago, suggests a new study on what may be the oldest date yet for the emergence of an insect-infecting virus." They are considered to have emerged before modern cells. https://lnkd.in/d-szGeg View in LinkedIn

FLU VIRUSES. "Influenza A viruses have caused pandemics in humans during the 20th century, such as ‘‘Spanish Flu’’ caused by the H1N1 virus that killed 25–50 million people worldwide in 1918, ‘‘Asian Flu’’ by the H2N2 virus that killed 1–4 million people in 1957, and ‘‘Hong Kong Flu’’ by the H3N2 virus that killed 0.75–2 million people in 1968. The H1N1 and H3N2 viruses still continue to circulate and cause annual epidemics that kill 0.25–0.5 million people worldwide." https://lnkd.in/d4eZr87 View in LinkedIn

VIRAL DISEASES DATABASE. 128 viral diseases have been characterized. There are undoubtedly numerous more benign chronic infections yet to be found. https://lnkd.in/dhSyxZp View in LinkedIn

GENE TRANSFER. "The very first transformation experiment, described in 1928, showed that dead, disease-producing bacteria could transfer their disease-producing genes to other bacteria following injection into mice." https://lnkd.in/eJ8cwgX View in LinkedIn