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DIFFERENTIAL SELECTION. "In plants, where gene duplication followed by differential selection on resulting copies enables novel regulatory networks to form, in part or in whole, regulatory evolution must be investigated in the context of these networks." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

VIRUSES CREATE GENETIC DIVERSITY. "Virus infection of a cell is a very efficient way to supply novel genetic information. A viral infection is more efficient in generating genetic diversity than mutations of cellular genes." https://lnkd.in/eGaw2Kq View in LinkedIn

California's wildflower 'super bloom' transforms landscapes into paintings http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/14/weather/california-super-bloom/index.html View in LinkedIn

ANTIGENIC SHIFT. "The reassortment of complete units of genetic material results in the formation of ‘reassortants’ or ‘mosaic’ viruses. At times, ‘genetic reassortment’ affects the exchange of genome segments encoding the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Thereby, the virus achieves a new antigenic pattern." https://lnkd.in/d8xM5QF View in LinkedIn

APPEARANCE OF HOMOLOGY. "As was recently demonstrated for the regulation of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS by orthologues of LEAFY in different flowering plants, variation in TF binding sites can simultaneously form the basis for conserved as well as divergent regulatory interactions, leading to novel phenotypes: observed changes in expression patterns that appear to be similar may not be caused by homologous genetic processes." (TF = transcription factors). https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

GENETIC SHUFFLING. "Besides mutations, viruses with segmented genomes change genetically through ‘genetic reassortment’. The latter term denotes the exchange of one or more genome segments between two related viruses which infect a host cell at the same time. During such a double infection the construction plans of both viruses become replicated in one host cell." https://lnkd.in/d8xM5QF View in LinkedIn

KEY. "Molecular self-replication was almost certainly of central importance in the origin of life." https://lnkd.in/dfHDAdv View in LinkedIn

"THE EMERGENT PROPERTIES that we recognize as life ultimately stem from networks of molecular interactions and chemical transformations." https://lnkd.in/dfHDAdv View in LinkedIn

THE GREY ZONE. "Understanding how life arose from non-living matter remains a fundamental scientific mystery. At a basic level, life is a self-sustaining chemical network capable of Darwinian evolution." https://lnkd.in/dfHDAdv View in LinkedIn

THE SELF-REPLICATOR. "One minimum requirement for evolution seems to be a self-replicator, suggesting that von Neumann saw it as the special case between degenerative production and increasing-complexity production, being able to produce something of the same level of complexity as itself." https://lnkd.in/d2nPhjW View in LinkedIn