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STEREOTYPICAL RESPONSE. "Arabidopsis exhibits several stereotypical thigmomorphogenic responses that require multiple days of touch, including the inhibition of stem elongation, shortened petioles, reduced rosette diameter and delayed transition to flowering." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

INTERNATIONAL SYNTHETIC YEAST RACE. "The scientists are joining an international effort to build the world's first synthetic yeast genome from scratch, using groundbreaking techniques that are set to transform the field of biology. Experts from Britain, the US, China and India aim to make synthetic versions of all of the organism's 16 chromosomes by 2017, and incorporate them into living cells a year later." https://lnkd.in/dYfARSK View in LinkedIn

REPETITION SENSOR QUEST. "However, these effects are potentially far downstream in the pathway. No real known regulator of thigmomorphogenesis capable of sensing repetition has been identified yet." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

INHIBITING THE EFFECT. "Conversely, application of the growth regulatory hormone gibberellin or a loss-of-function mutation in the gibberellin-catabolizing enzyme AtGA2ox7 can prevent thigmomorphogenesis." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

JASMONIC ACID ACCUMULATION. "The growth response is likely to involve the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA). JA accumulates in the stems of plants after touching of their rosette leaves, and JA biosynthesis and signaling are required for thigmomorphogenesis." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

GENE INDUCTION. "In trees, the transcription factor gene ZFP2 is rapidly induced in response to bending. Interestingly, this induction can be attenuated after multiple bending events, suggesting that plants are able to record the number of mechanical perturbations, albeit through an unknown mechanism." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

TOUCH GENES. "The timing of the induction of most TCH genes is between 5 and 30 minutes after the application of stimuli, suggesting a role in the early response to touch stimulation. The cml24 (tch2) mutation affects root morphology on hard agar and is implicated in microtubule structure and starvation-induced autophagy but a functional role for TCH genes in thigmomorphogenesis has yet to be established." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

DEFENSE AND WOUND GENES. "The best characterized of these in Arabidopsis are the TOUCH (TCH) genes, which encode calmodulins and calmodulin-like proteins, cell wall-modifying enzymes, and wound- and defense-inducible genes." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

TOUCH-INDUCED GENES. "These genes encode proteins involved in various cellular processes including calcium sensing, cell wall modifications, and defence. Twenty-three per cent of these up-regulated genes contain a recently identified promoter element involved in the rapid induction in transcript levels following mechanical perturbations." https://lnkd.in/dbRzjKM View in LinkedIn

TOUCH MEDIATORS. "Various signalling molecules and phytohormones, including intracellular calcium, jasmonates, ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species, have been implicated in touch responses. Many genes are induced following touch." https://lnkd.in/dbRzjKM View in LinkedIn