Category: Uncategorized

LOSS OF FUNCTION. "In populations in which clonal propagation predominates, mutations reducing fertility may lead to sexual dysfunction and even the loss of sex." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES. "Extensive clonal growth and vegetative dispersal can disrupt the functioning of these sexual polymorphisms, resulting in biased morph ratios and populations with a single mating group, with consequences for fertility and mating." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

CONFLICT. "There are ecological circumstances in which functional antagonism between sexual and asexual reproductive modes can negatively affect the fitness of clonal plants." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

OUTCROSSING. "Clonal growth leads to an expansion in the size of genets and increased fitness because large floral displays increase fertility and opportunities for outcrossing. Moreover, the clonal dispersal of vegetative propagules can assist “mate finding,” particularly in aquatic plants." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

OUTCROSSING DEFINITION. “Out-crossing or out-breeding is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It increases genetic diversity, thus reducing the probability of an individual being subject to disease or genetic abnormalities.” https://lnkd.in/dyxbktg View in LinkedIn

RANGE OF STRATEGIES. "Biological reproduction is the production of offspring by sexual or asexual processes. Among most groups of organisms are species that produce sexual and asexual offspring (e.g., bacteria, fungi, invertebrates), but flowering plants (angiosperms) display the widest range of strategies for achieving both reproductive modes." https://lnkd.in/dWczCFf View in LinkedIn

HYBRID SWARMS IN RHODODENDRON. "We used morphological data from a hybrid swarm involving two Rhododendron species to showcase possible character combinations in intermediates." https://lnkd.in/dK-A3iM View in LinkedIn

DISADVANTAGE #2. "Vegetative reproduction has the potential to interfere with pollination and mating, resulting in reductions in the quantity and quality of offspring. This situation can occur when clonal dispersal disrupts the functioning of sexual systems, leading to the absence of mating groups required for outcrossing, or where very large clones experience fitness costs (inbreeding depression and pollen discounting) associated with geitonogamous (between flower) self-pollination because of large floral displays." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

TAXONOMIC ERRORS. "New taxa are often described based only on herbarium specimens, not taking into account information from wild populations, significantly decreasing the potential to detect morphologies arising from hybridization at this crucial descriptive stage." https://lnkd.in/dK-A3iM View in LinkedIn

DISADVANTAGE #1. "If there are strong trade-offs between investment in sexual and vegetative reproduction, rapid clonal expansion may limit allocation to flowering and seed production." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn