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Free school fruit contains multiple pesticides, report shows. Little and often. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/05/free-school-fruit-contains-multiple-pesticides-report-shows?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

BLURRED SPECIES LINES. "It is nowadays evident that hybridization is widespread in certain groups of organisms, and the boundaries between varieties and species can be blurred in complexes of closely related species." https://lnkd.in/dK-A3iM View in LinkedIn

WEISMANN CHALLENGED. “An enzyme, reverse transcriptase, is now known that does allow information to flow from RNA to DNA, and a category of viruses (retroviruses) do insert their genetic component into their hosts' DNA by this means. Some genes (virogenes) appear to be of viral origin. http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/weismanns-doctrine View in LinkedIn

“TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION appears to be ubiquitous in plant hybrids.” More so than in animals. http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v83/n4/full/6886170a.html?foxtrotcallback=true View in LinkedIn

SOMATIC MUTATIONS. "The influence of somatic mutations on fitness is relevant in plants because of their indeterminate growth and lack of separation between somatic and germ-line tissues, thus violating Weismann’s doctrine. The frequency of somatic mutation should be correlated with the number of mitotic divisions between zygote formation and gamete production." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

WEISMANN'S DOCTRINE. "The principle, proposed by A. Weismann, that hereditary information flows only from genome to soma, not vice versa; the principle would be flouted were Lamarckism true. In its refined, modern form, the principle reads that information flows always from DNA to RNA to protein, and not back again.” https://lnkd.in/e5fymDv View in LinkedIn

INVASIVE NEUTERING. "Long-distance dispersal of only one mating type to a region, especially in invasive species, may disable sexual systems, resulting in sterility." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

SEEDS AND STERILITY. "Very low seed production and even complete sterility are common features of clonal plant populations. Sterility can be caused by a variety of environmental and genetic factors influencing various stages in the process of sexual reproduction." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

SEX RATIOS. Populations usually strive to generate equal numbers of each sex, but extreme deviations from this condition do occur quite frequently. Read this fascinating article about these deviations from the assumed norm. https://lnkd.in/e2CjiWF View in LinkedIn

IMPACT. "The widespread occurrence in dioecious species of both sexual and clonal reproduction provides an opportunity to investigate how these two reproductive modes interact to influence sex ratios and fitness in plant populations." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn