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VIRGIN BIRTH OF MALES. "In contrast to humans, parthenogenetic production of sons is expected in species with other types of sex determination. For example, in birds, some reptiles and butterflies, females are the heterogametic sex: they carry two differentiated sex chromosomes (Z and W) while males are homogametic (ZZ)." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215007824 View in LinkedIn

REGENERATIVE FRAGMENTATION. "Starfish also use regeneration of injured, torn appendages by fragmentation." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn

VIRGIN BIRTH. "The phenomenon of virgin birth has long fascinated scientists and laymen alike. The first account of parthenogenesis in the literature is the prophecy of Jesus Christ’s birth in Isaiah 7:14: “Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel”. This reference to parthenogenesis is unusual in two ways: first, it is the only account of ‘natural parthenogenesis’ in a mammal." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215007824 View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENTERS. "Other organisms using fragmentation include annelid worms, filamentous cyanobacteria and some multicellular metazoans, including mitochondrial eukaryotes." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn

LACK OF MAMMALIAN PARTHENOGENESIS. "Mammals are believed to be completely unable to reproduce via parthenogenesis because of a number of developmental and genetic constraints." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215007824 View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first weekend Fragment from Nature exploring how plants recognize kin versus non-kin. As we become increasingly urbanized and disconnected from nature, our views of the natural world become increasingly distanced, and plants assume the identity of plastic cut-outs, bearing little or no sense of being. On the contrary, increasingly science is illustrating the intensely related and feeling nature of plants. The salad breathes. View in LinkedIn

INTERESTING QUESTION. "Parthenogenesis — the ability to produce offspring from unfertilized eggs — is widespread among invertebrates and now increasingly found in normally sexual vertebrates. Are these cases reproductive errors or could they be a first step in the emergence of new parthenogenetic lineages?" https://lnkd.in/gvZ8CFZ View in LinkedIn

"VOLATILE CUES from close kin may be more easily perceived by kin or may provide more reliable information about probable risk. The ability to differentially communicate based on relatedness makes possible a wide variety of social behaviours for plants that have previously been thought to be solely within the repertoire of animals." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1756/20123062.short View in LinkedIn

“ASEXUAL PARTHENOGENESIS is used by the Komodo Dragon, which can reproduce without a mate. Bees, wasps and ants which have no sex chromosomes reproduce by this method. Some reptiles and fish also utilize parthenogenesis.” https://lnkd.in/gMaYvUK View in LinkedIn

VERTEBRATE PARTHENOGENESIS. "Some vertebrate animals, such as certain reptiles, amphibians, and fish, also reproduce through parthenogenesis. Although more common in plants, parthenogenesis has been observed in animal species that were segregated by sex in terrestrial or marine zoos. Two Komodo dragons, a bonnethead shark, and a blacktip shark have produced parthenogenic young when the females have been isolated from males." https://lnkd.in/d_e3R-w View in LinkedIn