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CROSSING THE SPECIES BARRIER. “Comparative genomics clearly links genomic- and phenotypic-characteristics with host adaptation, and reveals that major animal-associated clones most likely emerged after a human-to-animal host jump, followed by subsequent adaptive evolution.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

"MOST PLANTS have bisexual flowers with functional male and female flowers. Some are self sterile, requiring pollination from another plant to produce seed." https://lnkd.in/g9GqmRH View in LinkedIn

BIOCONTAMINATION. “The numbers of situations in which introduced domesticated plants/animals come into contact for the first time with indigenous viruses or bacteria from native plants/animals, have dramatically increased alongside the intensification of human activities.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

UNNATURAL SELECTION. “Displacement of natural plant and animal species by intensive agriculture or anarchic urban developments, including disturbances associated with unmanaged sewage, pollutants and/or radioactivity, are all important subsets of those intrusions that represent fundamental disturbances in the diversity and in the evolutionary dynamics of viral and bacterial communities inhabiting natural ecosystems.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

HEISENBERG LIVES ON. “The emergence of socially/economically relevant diseases is likely to be frequently linked with ecological disturbances caused by human intrusions into natural ecosystems.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

MULTILAYERED CAKE. “A major challenge in pathobiome research will thus be to develop and apply concepts and approaches of microbial ecology and evolutionary biology to pathogens and the microbial communities in which they exist. A peculiarity of pathobiomes is that they involve multiple complex interactions within microbial communities, the host and the environment, and are subject to strong selection pressures that sometimes lead to extreme adaptations (e.g., species which have recently become intracellular parasites).” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

DIPLOID-HAPLOID CYCLE. "The sporophyte generation is called dioecious when each sporophyte has only one kind of spore-producing organ whose spores ultimately give rise to either all male gametes (sperm) or all female gametes (eggs)." https://lnkd.in/gJcDDvC View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS. "Land plants have alternation of generations, for which the sporophyte generation produces spores rather than gametes. Strictly speaking, the sporophytes of land plants do not have either male or female reproductive organs. The gametophytes of flowering plants are of a single sex; the male gametophytes are contained within the pollen, and the female gametophytes are contained within ovules." https://lnkd.in/gJcDDvC View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS our venture into new thinking on the concept of a pathogen, concurrent with new thinking on how many systems interact and collaborate in balance and out of balance. We are in a new age that forces us to consider context and co-evolution more seriously than before, and this is particularly important in the thinking about health and disease. View in LinkedIn

NEW VISTAS. “A major conceptual issue concerns the gap between the “pathogen focused” culture of a vast majority of pathologists, and the ecological concepts necessary to tackle microorganism communities as a whole.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn