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WE CAN CONCEPTUALIZE the universe within as biologists, especially when riding an axis of time. We are abundantly on home turf here: “The protein universe, a concept first mentioned in 1992, is the collection of all proteins of every biological species that lives or has lived on earth.” https://lnkd.in/evmEhB5 View in LinkedIn

DOUBLING AND HALVING. "A particular feature of meiosis is that it starts with a chromosome doubling (2n→ 4n) before meiosis I (4n→2(2n)) and II (2(2n)→4(n)) occur. For ploidy reduction, the initial steps appear superfluous. A simpler single-step cell division (2n→2(n)), without the initial DNA replication phase, could in principle achieve ploidy reduction." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

EDGE OF NOTHING. “We are cocooned from observing other universes or other dimensions, and there may even be a boundary to the cosmos. But no boundary to the cosmos has been observed. The universe looks evenly distributed with galaxies. As the universe ages, it is continuing to expand, creating new empty space-time between galaxies. What is the universe expanding into? In an infinite universe, it is expanding into nothing. An expanding universe means that any boundary will always be beyond our detection. Only 100 years ago we had no idea that there were other galaxies besides our own.” https://lnkd.in/eZ___f4 View in LinkedIn

PUT ANOTHER WAY. “On a logarithmic scale if the single cell life is considered to be at the zero point, Planck limit and Hubble horizon limit are equidistant.” https://lnkd.in/dfZFAM5 View in LinkedIn

IN THE MIDDLE. “The single cell microbiological cells start at 10 to minus 5 meters. This is a very important scale, which is actually in the middle between the Planck scale and the universal and cosmological scale both these directions about 10 to minus 30 meters on the lower side to the Planck limit and 10 to plus 30 meters on the higher side to the Hubble horizon limit.” A unique article. https://lnkd.in/dfZFAM5 View in LinkedIn

BEYOND THE MICROMETER SCALE (10(-6)) lies the milli- (10(-3)), centi- (10(-2)), deci- (10(-1)), and much further, the mega- (10(6)), giga- (10(9)), and tera- (10(12)). Properties of time, gravity, and space warp progressively with scale changes. Just as changes between states governed by different scales affect cells (such as light waves), so also, time, gravity and space will impact cells. We have ignored them because we believe there is no life in those realms. https://lnkd.in/d_2ckDP View in LinkedIn

THE MICROMETER SCALE. “Further, as we move to the micrometer scale, chemical behavior gives rise to physical and chemical properties which is the realm of organic and biochemistry. In addition, amino acids and their chains give rise to the realm of life and microbiology property.” http://darkmatterenergy.blogspot.com.es/2017/02/emergence-phenomena-between-different.html View in LinkedIn

LIGHT. “As we move to the scale which is the realm of few nanometers to few hundred nanometers, the properties of light at different wavelength take hold, where light of different wavelengths, interact with molecular bonds, exchanging energy in elastic and inelastic absorption and scattering, interacting with and exchanging energy in the different wavelengths with rotation and vibrational energies of the molecules and their interplay with energy bonds, when the electrons in the valence band are shared between two or more atoms of molecules.” http://darkmatterenergy.blogspot.com.es/2017/02/emergence-phenomena-between-different.html View in LinkedIn

DIFFERENT PROPERTIES. “There is also an over lap between the nano scale and the atomic, subatomic and elementary particle scale of a range of about two factors of ten. Plasmon resonance and other properties of the light when interacting with nano material and single layer of carbon called graphene are examples of the overlap and crossover.” http://darkmatterenergy.blogspot.com.es/2017/02/emergence-phenomena-between-different.html View in LinkedIn

THREE LEVELS (at least). “When multiple layers of nano material beyond an angstrom are joined together, nano behavior starts with the disappearance of the quantum behavior. In general, when different atoms bond together to form molecules, the quantum and some aspects of the nano properties disappear to give rise to the behavior that is the discipline of chemistry. In the chemistry domain, molecular bonds are the dominant forces, whereas the properties of the subatomic particles are benign.” https://lnkd.in/dfZFAM5 View in LinkedIn