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SEXUAL POLYGAMY. “Polygyny is one male with many females (lions) versus polyandry or one female with many males (bees). Many primates and dolphins are promiscuous, with multiple indiscriminate matings.” https://lnkd.in/e3_feD9 View in LinkedIn

ASEXUAL ADVANTAGE. "In most multicellular sexual species, the population consists of two sexes, only one of which is capable of bearing young (with the exception of simultaneous hermaphrodites). In an asexual species, each member of the population is capable of bearing young. This implies that an asexual population has an intrinsic capacity to grow more rapidly with each generation." (John Maynard Smith). https://lnkd.in/eQbyfmX View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL MONOGAMY. Over 90% of birds mate with a single mate for more than one breeding season, including eagles, albatross, swans, and swallows. These require more extended rearing of the offspring. https://lnkd.in/e3_feD9 View in LinkedIn

TWO FOLD COST. "The evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle for biologists. The two-fold cost of sex is that only 50% of organisms reproduce and organisms only pass on 50% of their genes." https://lnkd.in/e3hvRP7 View in LinkedIn

ALLOGAMY VS AUTOGAMY. “Allogamy" (cross-fertilization) is a term used in the field of biological reproduction describing the fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another. By contrast, autogamy is the term used for self-fertilization.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allogamy View in LinkedIn

“EXTERNAL SEXUAL SEXUAL REPRODUCTION is where the egg is fertilized outside the female, such as in corals, fish, plants, fungi. Aquatic creatures often use this method because their sperm will not desiccate. Broadcast spawning in reef fish often release eggs and sperm simultaneously such as in boxfish, abalone and corals. Demersal spawning involves laying eggs and sperm into a protected place (clownfish).” https://lnkd.in/e3_feD9 View in LinkedIn

Theresa May proposes plastic-free supermarket aisles in green strategy https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jan/10/theresa-may-proposes-plastic-free-supermarket-aisles-in-green-strategy?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

“INTERNAL SEXUAL REPRODUCTION is where the sperm fertilizes the egg within the female (mammals, birds, spiders, insects, reptiles). This is suited for terrestrial creatures whose sperm readily dries out and dies.” https://lnkd.in/e3_feD9 View in LinkedIn

“SEXUAL SELECTION among competing males for female impregnation may explain why males exist. It acts as a filter to weed out harmful genetic mutations allowing the survival of the population.” https://lnkd.in/e3_feD9 View in LinkedIn

RED QUEEN HYPOTHESIS. “More recently, an additional hypothesis has been advanced that sex might enable organisms to escape or outrun pathogens. This is termed the Red Queen hypothesis, which is an allusion to Lewis Carroll’s novel Through the Looking Glass in which the character the Red Queen must run as fast as she can just to stay in the same place, and in the evolutionary analogy sexual reproduction enables organisms to just keep ahead in the co-evolutionary race with the pathogens that afflict them.” https://lnkd.in/etNBEYs View in LinkedIn