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THE NON-DISRUPTED. “Some large-scale patterns withstood one or more of the Big Five extinctions with little disruption. These include the continued dominance of reefs by rugose and tabulate corals and stromatoporoid sponges across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary, the escalation of morphological responses seen in molluscan shells to increased predation intensity across the end-Cretaceous boundary, the prolonged Paleozoic decline of trilobites, and the onshore-offshore expansions and retreats of a number of post-Paleozoic marine orders.” https://lnkd.in/epHhn4i) View in LinkedIn

SUICIDE AND NATURAL SELECTION. "The idea that self-inflicted organismal death could be adaptive sounds, at face value, absurd. An adaptation is a trait that is suitable (apt) for the current circumstances or environmental challenges, and archetypal examples include traits that promote survival. Natural selection is the mechanism that produces adaptations." https://lnkd.in/ecP3KMX View in LinkedIn

THE FEW CONTINUING SEEDS. “Mass extinctions have never entirely reset the evolutionary clock: even the huge losses at the end of the Permian, which appear to have permanently restructured marine and terrestrial communities, left enough taxa and functional groups standing to seed the recovery process without the origin of new phyla.” https://lnkd.in/epHhn4i) View in LinkedIn

LAST SHOT. "Semelparous organisms have a simple life cycle characterized by immediate death after reproduction." https://lnkd.in/eHQg5U4 View in LinkedIn

PERILOUS BOTTLENECKS. “Analysis of extinctions in the Late Permian indicates that as many as 96 percent of all marine species may have died out, thus forcing the marine biosphere to pass through a small bottleneck.” https://lnkd.in/ecZCYp9 View in LinkedIn

POSSIBLE EXTINCTION #6. “A large proportion of existing species — possibly half, conceivably even more — may be lost within the foreseeable future.” The cause: man. https://lnkd.in/eyRBipn View in LinkedIn

EXTINCTION #5. End of the Cretaceous: 66 million years ago, 76% of species lost. https://lnkd.in/efCSXC8 View in LinkedIn

EXTINCTION #4. End of the Triassic: 200 million years ago, 80% of species lost. https://lnkd.in/efCSXC8 View in LinkedIn

EXTINCTION #3. End of the Permian, "The Great Dying": 251 million years ago, 96% of species lost. https://lnkd.in/efCSXC8 View in LinkedIn

EXTINCTION #2. Late Devonian: 375 million years ago, 75% of species lost, https://lnkd.in/efCSXC8 View in LinkedIn