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LEVELS. “E.O.Wilson and Bert Holldubler in: “The Superorganism”: Life is a self-replicating hierarchy of levels. Biology is the study of the levels that compose the hierarchy. No phenomenon at any level can be wholly characterized without incorporating other phenomena that arise at all levels.” https://lnkd.in/gA3VwhY View in LinkedIn

COGNATE MUTANTS. “Recombinational barriers imposed by the mismatch repair system are abrogated in cognate mutants. There is an appealing theory that such mutants play a key role in adaptation via recombination, and the mismatch repair genes themselves show a complex history of recombination attributed to loss and recovery (through horizontal transfer).” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

CONNECTIVITY. “If there is one unifying principle in all of Nature, it is that everything in Nature is connected in some way to everything else.” https://lnkd.in/gA3VwhY View in LinkedIn

Are we poisoning our children with plastic? https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/19/are-we-poisoning-our-children-with-plastic?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

BEYOND CONTROL. “Except in the short term, it is impossible for mankind to predict or control Nature.” https://lnkd.in/ga-TtUt View in LinkedIn

LEAKY CONSERVED GENES. “Ironically, the barrier for highly conserved ribosomal RNA genes should be among the leakiest, whereas genes with rapidly changing sequences (such as those under diversifying selection) should observe tighter limits.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

CONSEQUENCES. “Nature is a highly interconnected and complex network of energy conduits. If you mess with one part of Nature, most likely you will affect something else.” https://lnkd.in/ga-TtUt View in LinkedIn

SHARED CONSERVED GENES. “Some genes (and some parts of all genes) are more conserved in sequence than others and could potentially be exchanged among broader groups of organisms.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

MICROBIAL RECOMBINATION. “This constraint might be taken as a barrier to interspecific exchange and could be used as an upper limit in the delineation of a microbial species. Yet the mismatch correction system (the principal obstacle to heterologous exchange) provides at best a leaky and imprecise barrier.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

RECOMBINATION CONSTRAINTS. “Homologous recombination is, to be sure, strongly constrained by degree of sequence difference and the nature of the machinery involved. Many careful studies show, not unexpectedly, that the ease with which genes recombine declines dramatically as their sequences diverge.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn