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COST OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION. "Sexual reproduction carries high costs: First, all else being equal, an asexual population has a twofold advantage in fitness over a sexual population in which males contribute nothing but their genomes to the next generation – the “twofold cost of males”." https://lnkd.in/es2qrc5 View in LinkedIn

RADICAL MODERN LIFE EXTENSION. "So far as we know, the last hundred years have been the most radical period of life extension in all of human history. At the turn of the twentieth century, life expectancy for Americans was just over 49 years; by 2010, that number had risen to 78.5 years, mostly on account of improved sanitation and basic medicine." https://lnkd.in/df8W2j6 View in LinkedIn

HUMAN AND YEAST SEX SIMILARITIES. "These involve: (i) ploidy changes from diploid to haploid to diploid states, (ii) the production of haploid mating partners or gametes from the diploid state via meiosis which recombines the two parental genomes to produce novel genotypes and halves the ploidy and (iii) cell-cell recognition between the mating partners or gametes followed by cell-cell fusion to generate the diploid zygote and complete the cycle." http://www.mycologia.org/content/105/1/1.full View in LinkedIn

UPPER LIMIT OF HUMAN LONGEVITY is estimated at 80-120 years, but more likely 85 years due to the disease burden. https://lnkd.in/dkbhh-F View in LinkedIn

REMARKABLE FACT. "We can illustrate the conserved features of sexual reproduction by comparing the sexual cycles for two of our favorite systems: ourselves (Homo sapiens) and the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite having diverged ~ one billion years ago, the core features of sexual reproduction are conserved." http://www.mycologia.org/content/105/1/1.full View in LinkedIn

NUTRIENT ALLOCATION. "I see hardly any way of distinguishing between the effects, on the one hand, of a part being largely developed through natural selection and another and adjoining part being reduced by this same process. . .and, on the other hand, the actual withdrawal of nutriment from one part owing to the excess of growth in another and adjoining part." (Darwin). https://lnkd.in/d6g52rz View in LinkedIn

SYMBIOTIC COMPETITION. “Similar kinds of reproductive competition are predicted to occur in some other symbiotic relationships, and possible examples are presented for two of them: bacterial plasmids and endozoic algae." http://www.jstor.org/stable/2824738?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents View in LinkedIn

COMPETITION WITHIN. "I propose that in certain circumstances natural selection favors intraorganismal reproductive competition between different varieties of organelle DNA, and in other circumstances selection favors competition between organelle and nuclear DNA. Evidence is marshalled to show that such competition occurs in nature. Situations which would lead to selection for both kinds of competition are described and are shown to be relatively common." (1980). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2824738?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents View in LinkedIn

CELLULAR ECOSYSTEM. "A eukaryotic cell can be likened to a society composed of a nucleus and a crowd of subcellular organelles in which all members cooperate for the common good." https://lnkd.in/dSKRVqw View in LinkedIn

PHENOTYPIC OPTIONS. "The mere fact that organisms are subject to natural selection, so that we only expect to observe organisms with maximal (or nearly maximal) relative fitness, implies that we’ll see trade-offs." https://lnkd.in/dGaAzSA View in LinkedIn