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INTEGRATION. "Capra et al., revealed that new genes in yeast become more integrated into cellular networks over time." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

"PSEUDOGENES are conventionally thought as dead genes which play no functional roles, but may evolve functions in regulating expression of related genes. Zheng et al. recently found that many mammalian pseudogenes are transcribed and thus may still function." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

GENE NETWORKS. "Integration appears to be driven by natural selection. Several new genes have become new hubs. Gene expression networks can be rapidly and globally reshaped in evolution by new genes." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING SEGMENTS. "Not all new genes code for proteins. Noncoding RNAs were found to play an important role in neuronal functions in the early 1990s. A large number of functional RNAs from noncoding regions have been reported to play vital roles in a wide variety of organisms. MicroRNAs appear to turn over rapidly, but can be strongly influenced by positive selection." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

ASSIMILATION OF NEW GENES. "New genes can also be quickly integrated into existing gene networks. Chen et al., observed that almost all young essential genes have been assimilated into protein-protein physical interaction networks in Drosophila and a significant number of these young genes have developed multiple interactions with old genes." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend to this weekend’s conclusion of the fragment on gene life cycles. In biological time, genes are dynamic entities, being born and dying, being borrowed and shared. In one viewpoint, genes are the currency of life, the most important asset that is built up over time. The accumulation of more complex biological information on planet earth has been a steady process. See how this came about. View in LinkedIn

METABOLISM EXPANSION. "New genes can generate new biochemical pathways and products if they are enzymes or become enzymes." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

PATH TO FIXATION. "Duplicate genes are most often inactivated and become pseudogenes. This classic model assumes that the new gene is functional upon duplication and that the new gene subsequently acquires mutations that provide a novel beneficial function. The novel function is then preserved in the genome by natural selection." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

NEW GENE FORCES. "Evolutionary forces such as natural selection and genetic drift operate on both facets of new gene evolution: the fixation of new gene loci and their acquisition of a beneficial function." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

NEW GENES IN RICE. "Over 1000 retrogenes were identified in the rice genome, 380 of which evolved chimeric gene structures by recruiting previously existing genes into their gene structures. https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn