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METABOLISM EXPANSION. "New genes can generate new biochemical pathways and products if they are enzymes or become enzymes." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

PATH TO FIXATION. "Duplicate genes are most often inactivated and become pseudogenes. This classic model assumes that the new gene is functional upon duplication and that the new gene subsequently acquires mutations that provide a novel beneficial function. The novel function is then preserved in the genome by natural selection." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

NEW GENE FORCES. "Evolutionary forces such as natural selection and genetic drift operate on both facets of new gene evolution: the fixation of new gene loci and their acquisition of a beneficial function." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

NEW GENES IN RICE. "Over 1000 retrogenes were identified in the rice genome, 380 of which evolved chimeric gene structures by recruiting previously existing genes into their gene structures. https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

GENE TURNOVER IN MAN. "Next-generation sequencing and microarrays have identified over 1200 partial and 600 complete gene duplications/deletions in 179 individual human genomes relative to the reference." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MEIOSIS #3. "Third, that it is essential, at least in animals, for the reprogramming of gametes which give rise to the fertilized egg." https://lnkd.in/dx9WaSq View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MEIOSIS #2. "Second, that recombination at meiosis plays an important role in the repair of genetic defects in germ line cells." https://lnkd.in/dx9WaSq View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MEIOSIS #1. "Four possible biological functions of meiosis are considered. First, the conventional view that it generates by recombination and sexual reproduction the genetic diversity on which natural selection can act." https://lnkd.in/dx9WaSq View in LinkedIn

REPEAT CIRCLE INVASION. "I propose that linear chromosomes arose as the consequence of the invasion of a circular genome with repeat sequences." https://lnkd.in/d8Qr_bk View in LinkedIn

WHY MEIOSIS? “We regard meiosis as accomplishing four functions: (1) reducing ploidy (parasexuality also accomplishes this, albeit less efficiently); (2) purging deleterious alleles and unmasking advantageous recessives when meiotic products are haploid (parasexuality also does this); (3) reducing ploidy while also generating complete chromosome sets rather than incomplete or chaotic sets (the elegance of meiosis I); and (4) generating recombinant offspring via independent assortment and crossing over in heterozygotes.” http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/6/3/a016154.full View in LinkedIn