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IMPORTED GENES IN ROTIFER. “A. vaga has been subject to horizontal gene transfer as up to 8% of its genes are likely of non-metazoan origin, a frequency as high as reported for some bacteria. Frequent genomic rearrangements, gene conversion and horizontal gene transfers likely contribute to diversification and homogenization in the absence of sex, thereby revealing that sexual reproduction is not required for evolutionary success and persistence.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

PECULIAR ROTIFER CASE. “Asexual metazoan bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga revealed a genomic structure that is dominated by genomic rearrangements, mainly through mitotic recombination. Interestingly, this structure is incompatible with meiotic recombination since allelic regions, that normally pair during meiosis, are rearranged.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION. “Recent findings suggest that the absence of an obvious sexual lifestyle does not necessarily result in limited genetic diversity, and that in particular genomic rearrangements can foster adaptation.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

NO NEED FOR SEX. “Genome rearrangements foster evolution in the absence of sex.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

ROLE IN ADAPTATIONS. “The common occurrence of structured genomes therefore highlights their likely evolutionary advantage to foster adaptations. Dispensable chromosomes that determine pathogenicity in various species can be seen as the most extreme case of genome structuring.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

ROLE OF VIRAL JUMPING GENES. “Furthermore, transposable element activity can mediate genomic rearrangements, which may be regulated by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

TWO CANDIDATE MECHANISMS. “Although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, candidate mechanisms can be assigned, as genome integrity depends on the repair of double strand DNA breaks and mitotic and meiotic recombination, complex processes that are highly linked.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

NEW VIEWPOINT. “We postulate that genomic rearrangements are a driver of adaptation in organisms that are not engaged in conventional sex.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

HUGE IMPACT. "Since persistence is always regulated, it is a mostly silent state in which reactivation is tightly linked to host (reproductive) biology with big consequences to host and virus fitness." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apm.12485/full View in LinkedIn

ASSUMPTION BUSTING. “With these alternative modes of reproduction in mind, one can wonder whether genuinely asexual, and truly clonal, fungal species really exist.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn