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CELL CONVERSION. "Transdifferentiation is defined as the conversion of one cell type to another." https://lnkd.in/eyqSmdD View in LinkedIn

MERISTEMS AND MODULARITY. "Agricultural and gardening practices continuously show that not only are entire plant shoots restored, but also that their growth and fruit production is increased after pruning. The only secret is to leave some vegetative meristems alive." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03360.x/full View in LinkedIn

TRANSDIFFERENTIATION. "Turritopsis nutricula is the only known metazoan capable of reverting completely to a sexually immature, colonial stage after having reached sexual maturity as a solitary stage. It does this through the cell development process of transdifferentiation. This cycle can repeat indefinitely, (offering) it biological immortality." (Abstract 3). https://lnkd.in/eTwTQRx View in LinkedIn

IMMORTAL REVERTANT. "Turritopsis nutricula (T. nutricula) is the one of the known reported organisms that can revert its life cycle to the polyp stage even after becoming sexually mature, defining itself as the only immortal organism in the animal kingdom." It does not experience aging. https://lnkd.in/djr7U94 View in LinkedIn

LACKING DEATH. "Turritopsis nutricula is a unique medusa and its transformation potential is unparalleled within the vast array of life-cycle patterns found in cnidarians. This is the first known case of a metazoan being capable of reverting completely to a clonal life stage after having achieved sexual maturity in a solitary stage. Because all T. nutricula medusae regularly underwent transformation, we must assume that organismic death does not occur in this species." http://www.biolbull.org/content/190/3/302.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

REAGGREGATION. “Separated cells of hydra reaggregate and develop into normal animals. The regeneration of serially grafted aggregates derived from different parts of hydra tissue demonstrates that the polarity of morphogenesis in hydra is the result of the cellular composition of the tissue, not cellular orientation.” https://lnkd.in/dyrJ2cd View in LinkedIn

IMMORTAL HYDRA. "Daniel Martinez followed 100 adult Hydra for four years, discarding the buds as they were produced. The parental animals did not undergo age-related senescence. Individual cells die in Hydra, but the organism as a whole does not have a fixed life-span. There is, however, evidence that some species of Hydra undergo senescence following sexual reproduction." https://lnkd.in/dHGbTQZ View in LinkedIn

WIDESPREAD WORLDWIDE. "At least 400 species of sexually deceptive orchids are known in several genera, including Ophrys in Europe, Disa in southern Africa, nine genera of Australian orchids, and several South American genera." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/5/1085.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

SURROGATE PREFERENCE. "Male pollinators can prefer orchids to real females, prematurely end a copulation with a real female to visit an orchid, or be unable to find real female mates among false orchid signals. Crucially, pollinators would suffer significant costs if orchid deception causes pollinators to ejaculate and waste their sperm...which may indeed occur." https://lnkd.in/d_dvuWG View in LinkedIn

MAJOR IMPACT. "Pollinator-mediated selection has been suggested to play a major role for the origin and maintenance of the species diversity in orchids. Sexually deceptive orchids are one of the prime examples for rapid, pollinator-mediated plant radiations, with many species showing little genetic differentiation, lack of postzygotic barriers, but strong prezygotic reproductive isolation. These orchids mimic mating signals of female insects and employ male insects as pollinators." https://lnkd.in/dRg5ykK View in LinkedIn