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INBREEDING DETERRENTS. "Pollination by deception, however, can reduce self-pollination and encourage pollen flow over longer distances, thus promoting outbreeding. Although some food deceptive orchids are isolated through postzygotic reproductive barriers, sexually deceptive orchids lack post-mating barriers and species isolation is achieved via specific pollinator attraction." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0636-y View in LinkedIn

SENSORY FRINGE EXPLOITATION. "In general, mimicry may be facilitated by exploiting visual vulnerabilities and evolve more readily at the peripheries of sensory perception. Many sexually deceptive orchids are predominantly red, green or white: colours that are all potentially difficult for hymenoptera to detect or distinguish from the background." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-009-0611-0 View in LinkedIn

WAVELENGTH MIMICRY. "The orchids and wasps reflected predominantly red-orange wavelengths, but UV was also reflected by raised bumps on two orchid species and by female wasp wings. The orchids’ bright yellow pollinia contrasted significantly with their overall red colour. Orchid deception may therefore involve accurate and species-specific mimicry of wavelengths reflected by female wasps, and potentially, exploitation of insects’ innate attraction to UV and yellow wavelengths." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-009-0611-0 View in LinkedIn

CALORY RESTRICTION. “Studies dating back a century have reported the healthspan and lifespan benefits of diets restricted in caloric content yet sufficient in macro- and micro-nutrients. These diets of “undernutrition without malnutrition” have been documented to have the ability to slow the progression of aging in multiple organ systems and in multiple species.” https://lnkd.in/efX_jTG View in LinkedIn

COLOR MIMICRY. "Over long distances, sexually deceptive orchids lure pollinators with counterfeit insect sex pheromones, but close-range deception with colour mimicry is a tantalising possibility. Despite appearing different to humans, the colours of the orchids and female wasps were effectively identical when mapped into a hymenopteran hexagonal colour space." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-009-0611-0 View in LinkedIn

MICRO-RNA (MiRNA) “also serve a crucial role in stem-cell research — they are the mechanism by which stem cells differentiate. Most cancers, we have recently learned, are marked by alterations in miRNA. Researchers even suspect that alterations in miRNA may be a cause of cancer.” http://wedcrew.yolasite.com/resources/Jelly%20fish.pdf View in LinkedIn

HIGH CUE VARIABILITY. "Deceptive orchids often show high variability in floral signals, which may be maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection, since pollinators can learn and subsequently avoid common deceptive morphs more quickly than rare ones. The evolution of obligate deception in orchids seems paradoxical in the light of the typically lower fruit set than in rewarding species." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0636-y View in LinkedIn

CANCER CELLS ARE IMMORTAL. "What allows a cancer cell to keep diving endlessly, generation upon generation? Here’s an emerging answer: The human embryo and many of our adult organs possess a tiny population of stem cells that are capable of immortal regeneration. Stem cells are the body’s reservoir of renewal. The entirety of human blood, for instance, can arise from a single, highly potent blood-forming stem cell that typically lives buried inside the bone marrow." And many cancers arise from stem cells. https://lnkd.in/eNxs3pb View in LinkedIn

REFLECTED LIGHT CUES. "In some food deceptive orchids, similarities in the spectral reflectance visible to the pollinator in a model plant and its mimic, and increased reproductive success of the mimic in the presence of the model have been demonstrated." https://lnkd.in/dQxZZsA View in LinkedIn

NORMAL LIFESPAN. “We suggested that the finite capacity of normal cells to replicate was a reflection of ageing or longevity determination at the cell level, an idea that received substantial support in subsequent years.” https://lnkd.in/esfPTAR View in LinkedIn