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REVERSE VIEW. “I would like to suggest an alternative hypothesis for the role of telomeres in aging. I propose that the shortening of telomeres in normal dividing cells is not an expression of aging, but rather an expression of longevity determination. The distinction between longevity determination and aging is significant.” http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

APPLICATIONS. “The observation that telomerase is qualitatively expressed only in cancer cells or is expressed quantitatively less per cell in differentiating cells has sparked interest in finding inhibitors of telomerase as a novel approach to cancer therapy.” http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

SECOND EXCEPTION. “How do the cells composing immortal populations avoid telomere shortening that, if it occurs, would lead to their demise? They found that telomeres are synthesized de novo by telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that extends the 3´ end of telomeres and thus elongates them. This ribonucleoprotein complex contains a reverse transcriptase and RNA template for the synthesis of the repeated sequence. Telomerase was later found to occur in extracts of immortal human cells.” http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT BACTERIA AND LONGEVITY. “The gerontogenes are classified as lifespan regulators, mediators, effectors, housekeeping genes, genes involved in mitochondrial function, and genes regulating cellular senescence and apoptosis. In this review we demonstrate that the majority of the genes as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that are involved in regulation of longevity are highly interconnected and related to stress response.” The mitochondrion originated from an engulfed bacteria. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/cc.28433 View in LinkedIn

THE AGING CLOCK. “Telomeric shortening, which occurs in several classes of dividing normal somatic cells, may be the replicometer that determines the number of times that a normal cell is able to divide. Once a critical or threshold number of telomeric TTAGGG repeats is reached, cells will then be unable to divide.” http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

Carry the cost: plastic bag levy 'to rise to 10p – with no shop spared' https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/aug/24/carry-the-cost-plastic-ban-levy-to-rise-to-10p-with-no-shop-spared?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETICS AND TRANSPOSONS. "The hypothesis that transposable elements activated in the vegetative cell generate mobile siRNA that reinforces the methylation and silencing of cognate sperm transposable elements. This hypothesis is consistent with the known ability of small RNAs to move between plant cells." (siRNA = small interfering RNAs or silencing RNAs). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING. "Communication between cells of both male and female gametophytes is also apparently important for preserving the integrity of gametic chromosomes by reinforcing the silencing of transposable elements in sperm and egg nuclei." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

DIVERGENT DESTINIES. "Postmeiosis male and female developmental pathways diverge significantly, with events in the ovule being driven principally by hormone gradients and pollen development requiring defined phases of tapetal activity" as well as soma-germline continued collaboration. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

PARASITIC TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT "silencing and/or the establishment of a specific heterochromatin state may thus be essential for meiotic progression in multicellular eukaryotes and perhaps determine whether cells follow a sexual or apomictic developmental pathway." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn