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FRACTAL GEOMETRY. "No one knows just how such rules are encoded in the genes of real plants; nevertheless, several demonstrations at Los Alamos created lifelike ferns, trees and even flowers from relatively modest fractal instructions." https://lnkd.in/d8uZSVQ View in LinkedIn

COMPLEXITY FROM SIMPLICITY. "Scientists have discovered in recent years that some seemingly complicated patterns, like the branching, jagged structures of plants, have simple descriptions in the language of fractal geometry, in which patterns are built up from rules repeated on different scales." https://lnkd.in/d8uZSVQ View in LinkedIn

SQUISHY QUESTIONS. "When does a curve look like a bug?" It is easier for a person to answer this question than any algorithm. https://lnkd.in/dZcpeGh View in LinkedIn

LEFT FIELD. "The recognition in recent years that complexity can arise spontaneously from simple systems gives the field of artificial life its strongest motivation. The scientists agreed that the most promising demonstrations were those whose lifelike qualities emerge unbidden, surprising even their programmers. 'Miracles Aren't Allowed'." https://lnkd.in/d8uZSVQ View in LinkedIn

ABSTRACTABLE LOGIC. "Stripped of bone and sinew, leaf and petal, ribosome and chromosome, life still has a unique logic that can be abstracted in a computer." https://lnkd.in/d8uZSVQ View in LinkedIn

MORE SOFT ROBOT EVOLUTION. https://lnkd.in/dA4JqKV View in LinkedIn

EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT. "It was already clear that the course of development, or ontogeny, of an organism is the product both of selection acting on mechanisms of development and of the evolutionary history of its particular lineage." https://lnkd.in/d2_xbfe View in LinkedIn

CHALLENGE RESULT. "We thus achieve autonomy of design and construction using evolution in a `limited universe' physical simulation coupled to automatic fabrication." https://lnkd.in/dJJ9HmD View in LinkedIn

HETEROCHRONY. "De Beer presented a mechanistic explanation by which changes in the timing of developmental events in the descendant as contrasted with the ancestor could yield evolutionary novelties by changing the relations of developmental features." https://lnkd.in/d2_xbfe View in LinkedIn

CHALLENGE METHOD. "Here we report the results of a combined computational and experimental approach in which simple electromechanical systems are evolved through simulations from basic building blocks (bars, actuators and artificial neurons); the `fittest' machines (defined by their locomotive ability) are then fabricated robotically using rapid manufacturing technology." https://lnkd.in/dJJ9HmD View in LinkedIn