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CHALLENGE RESULT. "We thus achieve autonomy of design and construction using evolution in a `limited universe' physical simulation coupled to automatic fabrication." https://lnkd.in/dJJ9HmD View in LinkedIn

HETEROCHRONY. "De Beer presented a mechanistic explanation by which changes in the timing of developmental events in the descendant as contrasted with the ancestor could yield evolutionary novelties by changing the relations of developmental features." https://lnkd.in/d2_xbfe View in LinkedIn

CHALLENGE METHOD. "Here we report the results of a combined computational and experimental approach in which simple electromechanical systems are evolved through simulations from basic building blocks (bars, actuators and artificial neurons); the `fittest' machines (defined by their locomotive ability) are then fabricated robotically using rapid manufacturing technology." https://lnkd.in/dJJ9HmD View in LinkedIn

MORPHOGENIC PHASE. "Did evolution really have an early 'morphogenic' phase during which most major body plans originated?" https://lnkd.in/d-B5nwz View in LinkedIn

AUTONOMOUS DESIGN CHALLENGE. "Biological life is in control of its own means of reproduction, which generally involves complex, autocatalysing chemical reactions. But this autonomy of design and manufacture has not yet been realized artificially." https://lnkd.in/dJJ9HmD View in LinkedIn

THEORIES FOR THE SLOWDOWN. "Several theories have been put forward to explain the reduction in the rate of animal body plan diversification following the Cambrian, including the importance of changes in the environment, competition and ecology, the structure of fitness landscapes, and developmental canalization." https://lnkd.in/dTKCkih View in LinkedIn

WHY DID DIVERSIFICATION SLOW? "Assuming that the Cambrian explosion happened because the environmental conditions were permissive and because the “molecular toolkit” by that time was rich enough to produce diverse multicellular animals, it is perhaps surprising that morphological diversification did not continue in the same rate." https://lnkd.in/dTKCkih View in LinkedIn

DOUBTS. "There is considerable uncertainty about the number, nature, and timing of early creative 'explosions'." https://lnkd.in/d-B5nwz View in LinkedIn

DIMINISHED CREATIVITY. "Animal evolution was more 'creative' before 500 My ago than since then, when it has been rather conservative, so there is a broad parallel with development." https://lnkd.in/d-B5nwz View in LinkedIn

UNDERLYING GENE NETWORKS. "Conservation of phyletic body plans may have been due to the retention since pre-Cambrian time of gene regulatory network kernels, which underlie development of major body parts." https://lnkd.in/dHpVwii View in LinkedIn