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MODERN MALADY. "If a virus be neither organism nor molecule, what is its nature? What is a virus? It is a malady of our time that words are often deprived of their meaning." https://lnkd.in/dDiKsry View in LinkedIn

REDUCTIVE EVOLUTION. “The interesting thing about these results is that they indicate that viruses must have diversified from ancient cells by a process called reductive evolution, where organisms simplify instead of becoming more complex." The ultimate in outsourcing. https://lnkd.in/eH7hpgG View in LinkedIn

BAG OF TRICKS. "Biologists long favored the view that viruses were mere boxes of chemicals." https://lnkd.in/dHuVTgq View in LinkedIn

INCLUSION IN THE TREE. "It suggests that viruses were not simply shed genetic material of cells, but shared unique properties with cells (and thus were living) and eventually evolved as separate entities. “We are now able to build truly universal trees of life...that describe the origin and diversification of organisms and viruses.” https://lnkd.in/eH7hpgG View in LinkedIn

CRYSTALIZED VIRUS. "Their demotion to inert chemicals came after 1935, when Wendell M. Stanley and his colleagues, at what is now the Rockefeller University in New York City, crystallized a virus— tobacco mosaic virus—for the first time." https://lnkd.in/dHuVTgq View in LinkedIn

MULTIPLE FACTORS. "Bud dormancy is dynamically modulated by intrinsic, environmental, and hormonal factors, which in several aspects, resemble those factors regulating dormancy in seeds." https://lnkd.in/duD22Cw View in LinkedIn

ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS. "The cessation of meristem growth and bud set are controlled by photoperiod, temperature, or a combination of both in different species; followed by the induction of bud dormancy, which precludes the growth resumption even under favorable environmental conditions." https://lnkd.in/duD22Cw View in LinkedIn

PROTECTED MERISTEMS. "The vegetative and reproductive meristems of many perennial plants in temperate climates remain in a non-growing latent state during the cold period of autumn and winter, within buds, which ensure an optimal protection against low temperatures and drought." https://lnkd.in/duD22Cw View in LinkedIn

STAGED BUD RELEASE. "All of a tree’s buds are not released from dormancy at the same time and the requirements and timing of dormancy transitions might change as a tree ages." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

"A CENTRAL FEATURE of the dormant bud is that symplastic conduits are blocked by callose deposition in plasmodesmata (PD) and these are opened during chilling-induced dormancy release. Whereas CEN1 and FT2 expression peaks are clearly subsequent to dormancy release, FT1 upregulation overlapped with the reopening of PD in controlled environment studies of juvenile trees." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn