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STAGED BUD RELEASE. "All of a tree’s buds are not released from dormancy at the same time and the requirements and timing of dormancy transitions might change as a tree ages." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

"A CENTRAL FEATURE of the dormant bud is that symplastic conduits are blocked by callose deposition in plasmodesmata (PD) and these are opened during chilling-induced dormancy release. Whereas CEN1 and FT2 expression peaks are clearly subsequent to dormancy release, FT1 upregulation overlapped with the reopening of PD in controlled environment studies of juvenile trees." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

"VERNALIZATION PATHWAYS in different plants converge on related flowering time genes, in particular, the broadly conserved promoter of the floral transition, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). FT activity is countered by the related gene TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) that maintains indeterminate meristems." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

REPRESSOR. "The downregulation of a floral repressor by an extended chilling period is a shared feature and at least in some tree taxa and perennial herbaceous plants such as leafy spurge, DAM could have an analogous role in bud dormancy." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

INDEPENDENT ORIGINS. "Evolutionarily diverse herbaceous plants employ unrelated genes in the vernalization response, indicating that this signaling pathway has evolved independently multiple times." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

INHERITED CHANGE. "This process follows the principles of Darwinian evolution, the same principles that shape the genetic material of viruses, bacteria and other living things. In DNA, mutations manifest as changes in the bases that line the famous double helix. In prions, mutations are essentially different styles of molecular origami. In both cases, they are selectively inherited and they can lead to adaptations such as drug resistance. In prions, it happens in the absence of any genetic material." https://lnkd.in/dVZWBhV View in LinkedIn

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. "The similarities of bud dormancy in perennials with the vernalization treatment for flowering in Arabidopsis and cereals reside in their common requirement of a time period of quantitative and cumulative chilling, and the participation of certain MADS-box domain transcription factors with key regulatory tasks." https://lnkd.in/duD22Cw View in LinkedIn

PRION STRAINS. "Li has found that variation can creep into populations of initially identical prions. Their amino acid sequence stays the same but their already abnormal structures become increasingly twisted. These “mutant” forms have varying degrees of success in different environments. Some do well in brain tissue; others thrive in other types of cell. In each case, natural selection culls the least successful ones. The survivors pass on their structure to the “next generation”, by altering the folds of normal prion proteins." https://lnkd.in/dVZWBhV View in LinkedIn

EVOLUTION WITHOUT DNA. "Prions – the infectious proteins behind mad cow disease, CJD and kuru – are capable of Darwinian evolution, all without a single strand of DNA or its sister molecule RNA." https://lnkd.in/dVZWBhV View in LinkedIn

ADAPTING PRIONS. "A new study, carried out by the Scripps Research Institute, started with the notion that perhaps prions could become resistant to drugs through selective adaptation (i.e. evolution)." https://lnkd.in/eR_TbTu View in LinkedIn