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PATHWAY INTEGRATORS. "All the different flowering pathways converge on a small group of genes called floral-pathway integrators. These genes are FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), LEAFY (LFY) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), and they are responsible for the activation of the floral meristem identity genes that direct floral organ formation." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

SIGNAL DISRUPTION. "Mutants or transgenic plants in which chromophore biosynthesis is impaired will be incapacitated with regard to all of the functional phytochromes. Such plants show altered daylength responses, usually flowering earlier than wild type." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

ACTIVATION PATHWAYS. "In certain environments there is also activation of floral-promotion pathways such as the photoperiodic, gibberellin (GA), ambient temperature and light-quality pathways. At some stage the point is reached when promotion is greater than repression and the flowering transition occurs.' https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

MUTANT DISCLOSURES. "There are five members of the phytochrome gene family in Arabidopsis and equivalent gene families in other species. Phytochromes are chromoproteins that contain identical tetrapyrrole chromophores. Mutants or transgenic plants in which chromophore biosynthesis is impaired will be incapacitated with regard to all of the functional phytochromes." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

REPRESSION PATHWAYS. "The predominance of the different pathways changes with the developmental state of the plant. Early on in the life cycle of the plant flowering is actively repressed to enable the plant to grow sufficiently large to be able to support the development of flowers, fruits and seeds. As the plant develops this repression is gradually lifted by what have been termed floral-enabling pathways such as the vernalization and autonomous pathways." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

DEFAULT FLOWERING. "Flowering is generally regarded as a default process that will occur at some point in the plant’s life. The time that a plant flowers, however, is affected by many environmental and endogenous factors and consequently there are numerous genetic pathways that are involved in the control of flowering time." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

CONTROL BY INHIBITION. "Other grafting experiments suggested that other substances inhibiting flowering may be involved; the appropriate day-length would then lead to removal of an antiflorigen rather than (or in addition to) synthesis of a floral hormone." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

LEAF GRAFT EXPERIMENTS. "It was proposed by Chailakhyan (1936) more than half a century ago that the signal passing between leaves and response sites is a specific flowering hormone: florigen. This idea was based on a series of experiments showing that grafting of leaves from one donor species to a separate receptor species could cause flowering. This strongly suggested the participation of common signals in different species." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

FLOWERING SIGNALS. "The role of a florigenic signal has also been confirmed and although its exact nature is still unknown, there are prospects of it being discovered in the foreseeable future. We can also soon expect to understand more fully the basis for the different requirements for light quantity and quality in different species." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn

"DOWNSTREAM of the clock, expression of the floral regulator CO is rhythmic under diurnal light– dark cycles. Light promotes expression of the CO mRNA at the end of a long day through the action of the rhythmically expressed photoreceptor FKF1. In addition, the circadian oscillator mediates light-independent expression of the CO mRNA at night." https://lnkd.in/d_f7kfY View in LinkedIn