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NON-ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION. "Genome complexity is correlated with biological complexity. A recent paper by Michael Lynch proposes that evolution of complex genomic architecture was driven primarily by non-adaptive stochastic forces, rather than by adaptive evolution. A general negative relationship between selection efficiency and genome complexity provides a strong support for this hypothesis." https://lnkd.in/ePaUq-z View in LinkedIn

RULES. “Domain-Specific Languages are about as close as we'll ever get. You will always have to give the computer some rules to work with. But the more those rules are defined in a manner specific to their domain, the less input there will have to be." https://lnkd.in/dsxKTtK View in LinkedIn

PROKARYOTIC CONSTRAINTS. “Prokaryotic genome size is constrained by bioenergetics. The endosymbiosis that gave rise to mitochondria restructured the distribution of DNA in relation to bioenergetic membranes, permitting a remarkable 200,000-fold expansion in the number of genes expressed." https://lnkd.in/epWvSvD View in LinkedIn

SELF-MODIFYING CODE. "Is it possible for a program to modify its own code? Absolutely. The Linux kernel makes extensive use of self-modifying code. Also, any environment using just-in-time compilation, such as the Java virtual machine or Google’s V8 JavaScript engine or PyPy, is built entirely on self-modifying code." https://lnkd.in/db4vZQ4 View in LinkedIn

PROKARYOTE LIMITED COMPLEXITY. "All complex life is composed of eukaryotic (nucleated) cells. The eukaryotic cell arose from prokaryotes just once in four billion years, and otherwise prokaryotes show no tendency to evolve greater complexity. Why not?” https://lnkd.in/epWvSvD View in LinkedIn

UNIT OF EVOLUTION? "Individuals are merely disposable vehicles for the replicating information contained in the genes. As long as the genes survive (that is, are replicated in offspring before the individual dies), the survival or death of the individual is not very important." https://lnkd.in/ecMXQ_u View in LinkedIn

DATA INCREASE. "Since the genetic information is transformed into phenotypic information in ontogeny, this figure (10(8) bits) must represent the amount of information which corresponds to the improved organization of higher animals as compared to their ancestors 500 million years back." https://lnkd.in/eGfBzxS View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION INCREASE. "If we express this complexity in terms of its improbability, defining the amount of genetic information as the negative logarithm of its probability of occurrence by chance, we may say that genetic information is increased in the course of progressive evolution, guided by natural selection of random mutations." https://lnkd.in/eGfBzxS View in LinkedIn

TOTAL BITS. "So that is a total information of 4,392,322,500 bits including the epigenome. In ASCII code, that would be 627,474,642 MB (megabytes). https://lnkd.in/eq-g674 View in LinkedIn

BITS OF INFORMATION. "For simplicity, let’s say that each gene is either suppressed, or not, in the epigenome. That would be a binary choice for each gene. Most humans have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. Let’s say the average is about 2^22,500 more choices. Therefore human DNA genome encodes 4^(3 billion) = 2^(6 billion) choices, or 6 billion bits of information. The epigenome encodes at least 2^22,500 choices, or 22,500 bits. The total information is 6,000,022,500 bits, or approximately 6 Gb (gigabits)." https://lnkd.in/eq-g674 View in LinkedIn