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2007: "attackers created over 700,000 new malicious programs." https://lnkd.in/dGC6A7c View in LinkedIn

NULL EFFECT. "True viruses have two major components: one that handles the spread of the virus, and a “payload” or “manipulation” task. The payload task may not be present (has null effect), or it may await a set of predetermined circumstances before triggering. For a computer virus to work, it somehow must add itself to other executable code." https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

STEALTH JUMPING GENES. "Most TEs appear to be silent—in other words, these elements do not produce a phenotypic effect, nor do they actively move around the genome. At least that has been the general scientific consensus. Some silenced TEs are inactive because they have mutations that affect their ability to move from one chromosomal location to another; others are perfectly intact and capable of moving but are kept inactive by epigenetic defense mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and miRNAs." (MiRNAs = MicroRNAs; TE = Transposable element, transposons). https://lnkd.in/GEpmJN View in LinkedIn

CODE CORRUPTION. "What do all these jumping genes do, besides jump? Much of what a transposon does depends on where it lands. Landing inside a gene can result in a mutation, as was discovered when insertions of L1 into the factor VIII gene caused hemophilia. Similarly, a few years later, researchers found L1 in the APC genes in colon cancer cells but not in the APC genes in healthy cells in the same individuals." https://lnkd.in/GEpmJN View in LinkedIn

COMPUTER VIRUS is "a virus as a piece of code with two characteristics: 1. At least a partially automated capability to reproduce. 2. A method of transfer which is dependent on its ability to attach itself to other computer entities (programs, disk sectors, data files, etc.) that move between these systems.” https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE CELL LINEAGES. "The simplicity of metazoan cell lineages. Developmental processes are thought to be highly complex, but there have been few attempts to measure and compare such complexity across different groups of organisms. We find that these cell lineages are significantly simpler than would be expected by chance." https://lnkd.in/dcZCYMn View in LinkedIn

VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION. "Self-reproduction of viruses. One of the primary characteristics of computer viruses is their ability to reproduce themselves (or an altered version of themselves). Thus, this characteristic seems to be met. One of the key characteristics is their ability to reproduce." https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE INFECTIVE PROTEIN. "Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: from biochemical simplicity to biological complexity." https://lnkd.in/dhMyiXn View in LinkedIn

SIMPLICITY AND ABUNDANCE. "One reason for Amoeba's fecundity is that its life-forms have a simple structure. Pergellis has carefully designed his instruction set such that it is possible to create a self-replicating cell with only 5 instructions." https://lnkd.in/dJPTA3e View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE UNIVERSAL LOGIC. "Based on concepts from a variety of fields of research, the emerging notion is that common principles of biological and nonbiological organization indicate that natural phenomena arise and evolve from a central theme captured by the process of information exchange. Thus, a relatively simple universal logic that rules the evolution of natural phenomena can be unveiled from the apparent complexity of the natural world." https://lnkd.in/duQKRmB View in LinkedIn