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POOR SAFETY NET. "No virus detection algorithm can detect all possible viruses, known and unknown." https://lnkd.in/dGC6A7c View in LinkedIn

CRITIQUE. Ian Stewart: "His calculations suggest it would take far, far longer than the age of the Universe for monkeys to completely randomly produce a flawless copy of the 3,695,990 or so characters in the works. "Along the way there would be untold numbers of attempts with one character wrong; even more with two wrong, and so on." he said. "Almost all other books, being shorter, would appear (countless times) before Shakespeare did." https://lnkd.in/dzCpVE8 View in LinkedIn

RARE CODING SEQUENCES. "This situation would make the genetic code different from other codes such as computer code or written text. In these codes, the ratio of meaningful to meaningless sequences (of information content similar to that of an average gene — 1,000 nucleotides = 2,000 bits = 250 bytes) in random sequence space is so low that the chance of finding a meaningful one in only 10^5 or 10^10 or even 10^25 trials is effectively zero. Perhaps the genetic code is so different, but this difference has not been demonstrated." https://lnkd.in/dH9XaVn View in LinkedIn

PROF STEWART'S ANALYSIS: Ian Stewart is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at the University of Warwick. He has offered one of the few critiques of the work. https://lnkd.in/dYDipGw View in LinkedIn

CODING: NONCODING GENE RATIO. "If the proportion of functional gene-length strands of DNA to nonfunctional ones is not as low as we actually find in nature — (10^12 different genes) x (10^25 estimated average number of functional alleles each) / (10^600 possible sequences) = 10^-563 conservatively — but is as high as 10^-10, say, this situation would lead to something like a "many worlds" theory of evolution." https://lnkd.in/dH9XaVn View in LinkedIn

GIANT STEP. "The monkeys accomplished their goal of recreating all 38 works of Shakespeare. The last work, The Taming Of The Shrew, was completed at 2 AM PST on October 6, 2011. This is the first time every work of Shakespeare has actually been randomly reproduced. Furthermore, this is the largest work ever randomly reproduced. It is one small step for a monkey, one giant leap for virtual primates everywhere." https://lnkd.in/djJFZTk View in LinkedIn

BINARY CODE BRITTLENESS. "Researchers that envisioned how autonomously evolving malware could be coded have largely focused on binary code manipulation. The high percentage of lethal mutations that would be experienced by such malware (due to the brittleness of the code) would forbid evolution from occurring." https://lnkd.in/dGC6A7c View in LinkedIn

ALMOST COMPLETE. "A running total of how well they are doing shows that the re-creation is 99.990% complete." https://lnkd.in/dzCpVE8 View in LinkedIn

GENOME IS LESS FRAGILE THAN DIGITAL CODE. "Genes apparently can tolerate a higher percentage of errors than computer code or written text. Sixty-one codons code for only twenty amino acids, so many of the codons are synonymous. Also, proteins can tolerate amino acid substitutions at many positions without losing their function." https://lnkd.in/dH9XaVn View in LinkedIn

HUGE NUMBER OF POSSIBILITIES. "A random nucleotide strand as long as an average gene has an absurdly high number of possible sequences. If an average gene is 1,000 nucleotides, the number of possible sequences it can have is 4^1000, or about 10^600. The chance of finding any gene currently expressed anywhere in biology in that sequence space, in even 10^50 trials, is less than 10^-500." https://lnkd.in/dH9XaVn View in LinkedIn