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"FLATFISH are the most asymmetrically-shaped vertebrate to ever live on earth." https://lnkd.in/dJGjXtX View in LinkedIn

FITNESS SELECTION. "Researchers pitted self-replicating computer programs against computer viruses in the domain of the Avida platform for digital evolution. The co-evolution of host and virus ultimately led to organisms with capabilities superior to those of organisms that evolved without battling the viruses." https://lnkd.in/dkJprEM View in LinkedIn

DISRUPTIVE CHANGE. "Metamorphosis describes the “change in form” associated with the transition between life cycle stages in a wide range of animal taxa. This transition can be accompanied by modifications in morphology, physiology, behavior, habitat and feeding mode." https://lnkd.in/du68ipH View in LinkedIn

MORE PROBABLE PREDICTION. "In the future viral computer viruses may have all the dangerous capabilities in a virtual life in cyberspace that are well known from our biological life." https://lnkd.in/dz3C6n5 View in LinkedIn

METAMORPHOSIS. "In most species of animals, embryonic development leads to a larval stage with characteristics very different from those of the adult organism. During metamorphosis, developmental processes are reactivated by specific hormones, and the entire organism changes to prepare itself for its new mode of existence. Thus, metamorphosis is often a time of dramatic developmental change affecting the entire organism." https://lnkd.in/dd6g7wk View in LinkedIn

MORE LIKELY OUTCOME. "The probability of an existing computer virus mutating by random bit corruption into another viable virus is considerably higher." https://lnkd.in/dXsqH3b View in LinkedIn

VERY RARE. "All vertebrates develop lateralized visceral organs during embryogenesis, but flatfish are virtually the only vertebrates that also undergo significant asymmetric post-embryonic development." https://lnkd.in/dxtUYFT View in LinkedIn

FORECASTING OBLIVION. "A single computer randomly generating 1000 bit patterns...would generate a new operational virus...once every 10(+249) years. Even with the expansion of the computer base worldwide it seems highly unlikely that such a random mutation would generate a new computer virus." This is far from convincing. https://lnkd.in/dXsqH3b View in LinkedIn

COMBINED STEP MODEL. "The view of the present author is that in none of them is there convincing evidence to conclude that the groups arose solely through gradual changes. More specifically, there is no basis to reject an evolutionary origin of the major traits in each group that included at least one principal innovation, occurring in a large, discontinuous step, preceded and followed by relatively small, more gradual changes. https://lnkd.in/dDbgqi3 View in LinkedIn

BIG STEP CANDIDATES. "Four “classic” examples of animals—flatfishes, turtles, bolyerine snakes, and gastropod molluscs—each of which has seemed difficult to interpret as resulting from a continuous series of tiny increments." https://lnkd.in/dDbgqi3 View in LinkedIn