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APPLICATIONS. “The application of swarm principles to robots is called swarm robotics, while 'swarm intelligence' refers to the more general set of algorithms. 'Swarm prediction' has been used in the context of forecasting problems.” https://lnkd.in/dhyYdJj View in LinkedIn

MORE EXAMPLES. “And VPNFilter, the advanced nation-state-sponsored attack, is also able to target SCADA/ICS environments. VPNFilter represents a significant new threat because it not only performs data exfiltration but can also render devices, including industrial control systems, completely inoperable. It can shut off compromised devices individually, or shut them all off simultaneously using a centralized trigger.” https://lnkd.in/dBM3R6W View in LinkedIn

SWARM INTELLIGENCE. “SI systems consist typically of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment. The inspiration often comes from nature, especially biological systems. The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of "intelligent" global behavior, unknown to the individual agents.” https://lnkd.in/dhyYdJj View in LinkedIn

SWARMS IN NATURE. “Examples of swarm intelligence in natural systems include ant colonies, bird flocking, hawks hunting, animal herding, bacterial growth, fish schooling and microbial intelligence.” https://lnkd.in/dhyYdJj View in LinkedIn

THE CONCEPT. “Swarm intelligence is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. The concept is employed in work on artificial intelligence. The expression was introduced by Gerardo Beni and Jing Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems.” https://lnkd.in/dhyYdJj View in LinkedIn

REVERSE MORPH FREQUENCY. "The proportion of flatfish displaying reversed morphology and behavior in a natural population varies among species from virtually none in the tonguefishes (Cynoglosidae) to as high as 100% in some starry flounder." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

FLOUNDER MORPH DIFFERENCES. "In parallel, significant differences in feeding choices were detected, suggesting a coherent association between subtle morphological differences between morphs and their use of trophic resources." https://lnkd.in/d6Bcfrh View in LinkedIn

FLIP-FLOPPER. "We examined the case of Platichthys flesus (flounder), a polymorphic flatfish exhibiting large and clinal variation in the frequency of the left-sided morph, which is the reversed condition in this generally right-sided species. Morphological differences were observed between morphs, which are in agreement with previous findings in a congeneric species (Platichthys stellatus)." https://lnkd.in/d6Bcfrh View in LinkedIn

"SIDEDNESS POLYMORPHISM in flatfish has been linked to ecological selection between morphs. However, the alternate hypothesis that morphological differences between right- and left-sided forms may be due to errors during development, as a consequence of disturbed homeostasis, which still remains largely unexplored." https://lnkd.in/d6Bcfrh View in LinkedIn

REVERSED ASYMMETRY. "The flatfishes are the most extreme example of behavioral and morphological lateralization in the vertebrates. Flatfish species are described as either `sinistral' (both eyes are on the left side of the adult head) or `dextral' (both eyes on the right side). Within a species some fish may have `reversed' asymmetry and appear as morphological and behavioral mirror images of their siblings." https://lnkd.in/dxtUYFT View in LinkedIn