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AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS. "It is well established that THs directly or indirectly stimulate apoptosis and resorption of larval tissue and also promote growth, differentiation and remodelling of tissues that are crucial for the adult life form. For instance, THs are involved in the control of muscle fibre apoptosis in the amphibian tail during its regression and also promote development of the limbs." (THs = thyroid hormones). https://lnkd.in/du68ipH View in LinkedIn

CHEMICAL ASYMMETRY. "We observed that paired winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) sagittae are not morphologically or chemically identical. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) chemical asymmetry was detected between the sagittae in five of eight elements (with three other elements, Sr, I, and Sn not statistically different). The blind-side otolith exhibited higher mean concentrations of Ba, Mn, Mg, Cu, and Zn trace elements than the eyed-side otolith." https://lnkd.in/d-8wmCG View in LinkedIn

BALANCE CHANGES. "Interestingly, all flatfish except for the most primitive display nearly omni-directional hair-cell polarization of the inner ear’s saccular and lagenar otoliths. This pattern, which is unique amongst vertebrates, is thought to accommodate, but not necessarily induce, the adult flatfish posture." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

MORPH CLONE. "The genetics of flatfish reversal are not well understood. Hashimoto et al. (2002) have isolated a Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) clonal line (reversed, ‘rev’) whose offspring display a relatively high (20–30%) frequency of reversal. They have proposed that the directionality of metamorphic asymmetry is determined by the rev locus in a manner independent from the control of visceral asymmetry." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

LOWER FITNESS. "There are no reports of reversed southern flounder in nature, though we show 16% reversal when this species is raised in the laboratory. This suggests that reversed (dextral) southern flounder have low survival in nature, but enhanced survival in the laboratory when they are identified early and segregated from their sinistral siblings." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

NODAL MOLECULE. "Developmental biologists have long been fascinated by the prominent internal asymmetries of outwardly symmetric animals, a fascination piqued in the mid-1990's by the discovery of the transient, unilateral expression of the Nodal signaling molecule in the left lateral plate mesoderm. This discovery quickly opened the door for the dissection of the genetic pathways that distinguish cells on the left side of an organism from those on its right side." https://lnkd.in/d2sKgHB View in LinkedIn

LIMITED NUMBER OF ENGINES. "Virus writers still must often waste weeks or months to create a new polymorphic virus that does not have chance to appear in the wild because of its bugs. On the other hand, a researcher might be able to deal with the detection of such a virus in a few minutes or few days. One of the reasons for this is that there are a surprisingly low number of efficient external polymorphic engines." https://lnkd.in/d_2z5qc View in LinkedIn

MASSIVE UPREGULATION. "Pairwise comparisons of the juvenile transcriptome with stage specific transcriptomes revealed a high number of DE transcripts (>8,000/stage), with the majority highly up-regulated in the juvenile stage. ours is the first next generation sequencing study analyzing individual tissues and larvae of a metamorphosing flatfish." A remarkable study showing the power of modern genetics. https://lnkd.in/du68ipH View in LinkedIn

HIJACKING THE HOST MACHINERY. "When an infected polymorphic virus program runs, the decryption routine gains the control of computer, after that decrypts the virus body and transfer the control of the computer to virus. And then appends both decrypted virus body and decryption routine on a new infected program." Sounds familiar. https://lnkd.in/dkj4vxW View in LinkedIn

PLETHORA OF GENES IMPACTED. "Overall, 135 putative thyroid hormones-responsive genes were identified in the skin, GI-tract and head transcriptome, which included transcription factors, genes involved in DNA replication, cell proliferation, cell growth and differentiation and collagen synthesis and degradation. The skin transcriptome contained 113 putative thyroid hormones-responsive genes that mainly corresponded to structural proteins, proteases, actins, transmembrane proteins, and several membrane transport proteins of the solute carrier group." https://lnkd.in/du68ipH View in LinkedIn