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MODEL #2 NARRATIVE. "Carbon atoms entering the Calvin-Benson cycle within a chloroplast may find their way into any one of many different molecules and be shunted into other pathways. There are also many cases of a redundancy of enzymatic components, or variant isoforms. Gene duplications increase the number of genes in a species, which can then evolve in different ways." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #2 NARRATIVE. "Metabolic systems can be viewed as complex traits, because individual metabolic enzymes in isolation are rarely pertinent to in vivo physiology until they become part of an organized metabolic pathway. Extant metabolic pathways in general contain a set of enzymes catalyzing sequential reactions in a highly concerted manner." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12416/full View in LinkedIn

MODEL #2 NARRATIVE. "Many biochemical systems are characterized by “redundant complexity”. Biochemical pathways rarely function in isolation; rather, one pathway interconnects with another." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #2. "Scaffolding is another mechanism whereby irreducible complexity might be established. In the incremental additions model, a beneficial association of components becomes an essential association because mutational events compromise the independent activity of one or more component parts. In the scaffolding model, superfluous components are lost, leaving a system in which the remaining components appear tightly matched as if they were specifically designed to fit and function together." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #1 NARRATIVE. "There are numerous examples of molecules whose function is enhanced in the presence of another molecule. Consider the activity of RNase P (an RNA-protein complex responsible for processing transfer RNA molecules). The RNA component of the molecule possesses the catalytic activity and has been shown to function without its protein partner, albeit at a very much lower activity." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL CREATIVITY examined in this short video. https://lnkd.in/d-npc7u View in LinkedIn

MODEL #1 NARRATIVE. "Suppose, for example, that a molecule carries out a particular catalytic function. If an association with another molecule enhances that function — for example, through structural stabilization — then natural selection can favor the association. The second molecule is initially beneficial although not essential. The second molecule may become essential, however, if an inactivating mutation in the first molecule is compensated for by the presence of the second." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

BOT CREATIVITY EMERGING. "There are already robots that manifest rudimentary emotional intelligence and computers can already write inspiring music." http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30144069 View in LinkedIn

MODEL #1. "The incremental additions model hypothesizes that an initial association of components favorable to some function may become an essential association through time. The complexity of the system may increase with the addition of new components." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

POST-TURING. "Currently scientists use the Turing test - named after computer scientist Alan Turing - which evaluates whether an AI can convince a judge that it is human in a conversation. Prof Mark Riedl, from the Georgia Institute of Technology, is proposing a new test. It would ask a machine to create a convincing poem, story or painting." https://lnkd.in/dgi356m View in LinkedIn