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BETTER INTUITION. "In the limited tests carried out so far, the computer has proved that it can make these intuitive decisions much more effectively than the most skilled humans can. The machines are not just on the rise, they have nudged ahead." http://www.nature.com/news/digital-intuition-1.19230 View in LinkedIn

KAPUT (CLOCK) mRNA. "Phase relationship in mRNA oscillations was altered between oscillator components in the circadian pacemaker system (retina, pineal, hypothalamus) as well as in the peripheral (liver, muscle) tissues. These results show for the first time altered waveforms of clock gene expressions in all tissues in parallel with behavioral shifts and suggest the involvement of circadian system in photoperiod induction of seasonal LHSs in a migratory species." (LHS = life history states). http://www.fasebj.org/content/29/10/4248.full View in LinkedIn

HYPOTHESIS. "It remains largely unknown how the circadian clock connects to photoperiod-induced seasonal change in physiology and behavior in vertebrates. We hypothesized phase and amplitude plasticity in the oscillations of Per2, Cry1, Bmal1, and Clock genes with photoperiod-induced phenotypes in a seasonal species." http://www.fasebj.org/content/29/10/4248.full View in LinkedIn

"CLOCK POLYMORPHISM has been found to be associated with breeding in the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleu) and migratory barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). Similarly, midday and midnight Ror-α and Rev-erb-α mRNA expressions have been found to vary with photoperiod-induced phenotypes in the night-migratory black-headed bunting (Emberiza melanocephala)." http://www.fasebj.org/content/29/10/4248.full View in LinkedIn

CIRCADIAN CONTROL. "Circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei shows phase plasticity with winter and summer photoperiod in seasonal mammals. In vertebrates, the circadian molecular oscillator is based on transcriptional-translational feedback loops, in which periods and cryptochromes are negative regulators of their own transcription driven by brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) transcriptional activators." http://www.fasebj.org/content/29/10/4248.full View in LinkedIn

LIGHT IMPACT. "When continuously exposed to long days, short day photosensitive migratory birds show successive seasonal life-history states, characterized by premigratory (initiation of lipogenesis and gametogenesis), migratory (fat deposition and increased body mass, recrudesced gonads, and nocturnal migratory restlessness, known as Zugunruhe, and postmigratory [fat stores depleted and lean body mass, regressed gonads, return to day activity, and development of photorefractoriness; long day refractory)] phenotypes." http://www.fasebj.org/content/29/10/4248.full View in LinkedIn

CIRCADIAN CHANGES. "From a behavioural ecology perspective, the ability to shift circadian activity during migration represents a key element of avian migratory behaviour. Indeed, many species of diurnally active birds switch to additional nocturnal activity during the migratory season.” http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/02/11/rspb.2010.2567 View in LinkedIn

TRIGGERS FOR PHYSIOLOGY. "Such a change in the circadian activity patterns involves substantial physiological and hormonal shifts." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/02/11/rspb.2010.2567 View in LinkedIn

FOOTNOTE. "We should note, that Clock is predicted to regulate migratory timing and not orientation." https://lnkd.in/dWFycUQ View in LinkedIn

SEASONAL PHENOTYPES. "This is particularly evident in latitudinal migratory species, which respond to photoperiod change with a precise succession of change in the behavior for accurate seasonal timing of their migration and reproduction." http://www.fasebj.org/content/29/10/4248.full View in LinkedIn