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HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER IN GUT. "The gut microbiome adapts to changing diets and conditions not only by shifting community membership but also by changing gene content via horizontal gene transfer." https://lnkd.in/dbY8TYa View in LinkedIn

GUT MICROBIOME. "Microbial communities in the vertebrate gut respond to the host diet over both daily and evolutionary time scales, endowing animals with the flexibility to digest a wide variety of biomolecules and cope with and even flourish under conditions of diet change." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

OPEN COMMUNICATION CHANNELS. "Although animals and bacteria have different forms and lifestyles, they recognize one another and communicate in part because, as described above, their genomic “dictionaries” share a common and deep evolutionary ancestry." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

METABOLIC BOLT-ONS. "Many invertebrates have intracellular bacterial symbionts whose genes encode metabolic capabilities lacking in animals, such as the synthesis of essential amino acids, photosynthesis, or chemosynthesis. Certain marine invertebrates that feed on algae maintain algal plastids as photosynthetically active symbionts, a behavior that allows the host to use photosynthate as a food source for extended periods." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

GENOMIC EXPANSION. "The intertwining of animal and bacterial genomes is not just historical: by coopting the vastly more diverse genetic repertoire present in its bacterial partners, a host can rapidly expand its metabolic potential, thereby extending both its ecological versatility and responsiveness to environmental change." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

“Many animal genes are homologs of bacterial genes, mostly derived by descent, but occasionally by gene transfer from bacteria. For example, 37% of the ∼23,000 human genes have homologs in the Bacteria and Archaea, and another 28% originated in unicellular eukaryotes." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

SHARED GENES. "Analysis of the large number of full genome sequences presently available reveals that most life forms share approximately one third of their genes, including those encoding central metabolic pathways." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

ANIMAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS. "How have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other’s genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal–bacterial interaction." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/9/3229.full View in LinkedIn

TRADITIONAL VIEW. "Animal development has traditionally been viewed as an autonomous process directed by the genome." https://lnkd.in/dbY8TYa View in LinkedIn

COMPLETE WORK. “The Society of Mind summarizes a lifetime of work by a founder of and perhaps the most influential single individual in the field of Artificial Intelligence.” https://lnkd.in/dkTGTAb View in LinkedIn