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ISSUE OF ERRORS. “As within this text, errors cannot generate new content-loaded sequences, but living organisms that are competent in generating correct sequences are generators, senders, receivers and interpreters of natural languages or codes.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn

COMPUTER VIRUSES. “None of these characteristics came from the viruses themselves. Rather, each change and addition to the virus behavior has been wrought by an outside agency: the programmer.” (Reference to camouflage, territorial behavior, predatory behavior, and speciation in computer viruses). https://books.google.com/books?id=qErpoKjc1h4C&pg=PA261&lpg=PA261&dq=computer+virus+metabolism&source=bl&ots=NWmF_p3xqj&sig=XEfXy2VQZdbYQgBJSndUVHbkDSI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi51qLC35fLAhUBcj4KHQW-B9AQ6AEIFzAE View in LinkedIn

“ARTIFICIAL LIFE (“Alife”) researchers have studied self-replicators in computer environments since 1979, and the first autonomously mutating self-replicating computer programs were introduced by Ray in 1992.” https://lnkd.in/dGC6A7c View in LinkedIn

NEW LIFE. “These organisms will evolve in a fundamentally different manner than contemporary biological organisms, since their reproduction will be under at least partial conscious control, giving it a Lamarckian component.” https://lnkd.in/dMvAeqz View in LinkedIn

THE COMING EVOLUTION. "Within fifty to a hundred years a new class of organisms is likely to emerge. These organisms will be artificial in the sense that they will originally be designed by humans. However, they will reproduce, and will evolve into something other than their initial form; they will be "alive" under any reasonable definition of the word.” https://lnkd.in/dMvAeqz View in LinkedIn

THE SANTA FE INSTITUTE paper of 1990 by J. Doyle Farmer and Alletta d’A. Belin is an extraordinary early paper on artificial life, which has largely become adopted in modern language by the Singularity movement. It will be quoted extensively in the following posts. https://lnkd.in/dMvAeqz View in LinkedIn

COEVOLUTION. “Researchers pitted self-replicating computer programs against computer viruses in the domain of the Avida platform for digital evolution. The co-evolution of host and virus ultimately led to organisms with capabilities superior to those of organisms that evolved without battling the viruses.” http://www.futurity.org/computers-mutations-evolution-826882/ View in LinkedIn

OPPORTUNISTIC. “Frankenstein uses these commonalities underlying code to stitch together new programs. It may take a chunk of code from your computer's calculator to add numbers together. Then it may take another chunk that puts a number into memory from your computer's spreadsheet application, such as Microsoft Excel.” http://www.zdnet.com/article/frankenstein-may-allow-computer-viruses-to-mutate-evolve/ View in LinkedIn